1883.] Zoology. 435 
Andes, for such a rapid increase. We can reconcile this dis- 
introduced by the conquerors. Not twenty years had passed 
between the discovery of Peru and the discovery of the Rio La 
Plata.— E. L. Berthoud in Kansas City Review. 
ZOOLOGICAL Nores.—Protozcans—Kiinstler'’s article on the 
flagellate infusoria, in which, like Ehrenberg of old, he discovers 
a stomach, intestine, uterus, etc., has been severely criticized by 
Bütschli, who also claims that the author’s new form Kiinckelia 
gyrans is neither more or less than a Cercaria! The “ cor- 
puscles” or psorosperms of the silk worms are by Balbiani 
termed Microsporidia, with affinities to the Sporozoa of Leuckart, 
which includes the Gregarinida, the oviform Psorosperms, the 
tubuliform psorosperms, and those of fishes. 
Worms.—The Brachipoda, especially Terebratula and Waldhei- 
mia, have been carefully studied anatomically and histologically by 
Van Bemmelen (Jenaischer Zeitschrift, December 27, 1882), who 
fully confirms Morse’s view as to their Vermian affinities. He 
however insists that the agreement between the Brachiopoda and 
Cheetognaths (Sagitta) is so close that “ they must be regarded as 
branches of one and the same animal stem.” he same Zeits- 
chrift, contains an anatomical and histological research, by J. Steen, 
on a sea-worm, Terebrellides stremii, with three plates. The 
tower-like construction made, as Darwin supposed, by an exotic 
worm (Perichzta) from Eastern Asia and naturalized near Nice, 
ave been found by Trouessart, who surprised the worms at work, 
to be a common earth worm, Lumbricus agricola, The anterior 
part of the body was lodged in the tower. After a long period 
of rain these towers are built probably to protect the galleries 
m rain, and to afford a breathing place for the worms, where 
they are not seen by birds. Perhaps similar “towers” made in 
ay country in low, wet localities by crayfish and the pupal Cicada 
17 -decim, are for a nearly similar purpose. new species of 
Branchiobdella from the river crayfish of Leipzig, is described by 
Dr. C. O. Whitman in the Zod/. Anzeiger for Nov.27. It appears 
also from Dr. Whitman's explorations in Japan that Astacus japoni- 
cus, like the Eu ropean Astacus fluviatilis, has three parasitic species 
of Branchiobdella — At a late meeting of the Linnean Society of 
ill Seo Mr. A. P. W. Thomas exhibited a series of specimens 
Heare of the life-history of the liver fluke (Fasciola hepatica). 
A experiments show that the embryos of the fluke as free cer- 
"ee to act as a prophylactic. 
Several animals, new to science, were described at a recent 
