1883. | Zoology. 437 
angulata) which has been introduced into the Gironde by dis- 
charge from a damaged Portuguese vessel, is certainly unisexual, 
as he has opened numbers at all stages of the reproductive period, 
and found only the elements of one sex in all. O. edulis is ad- 
mitted on all hands to be hermaphrodite, but as the genital gland 
rarely presents the two sexes equally matured, it is probably not 
self-fertilizing. Artificial fecundation has been practiced with suc- 
cess by this naturalist with the Portuguese oyster in the waters of 
the Gironde, A colossal cuttle-fish, named Architeuthis verrillii, 
was found stranded at Island bay, Cook's straits, New Zealand ; the 
longer arms measured 25 feet. Another large cuttle with a body 
nine feet two inches in length belongs to a new genus, called by 
Mr. Kirk, Steenstrupia. 
British Museum, by Prof. T. Rupert Jones. Only the first part 
of the former work is yet issued, and treats of the Silurian species. 
One hundred and forty-three species are recorded, about seventy 
of which are straight or curved Orthoceratites. 
Gastropoda—Mr. E. A. Smith (Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist.) 
adds more than sixty names to the genus Pleurotoma, which he 
states now contains nearly ¢hirteen hundred recent species! and 
adds “many of these have proved identical with others, and a 
ood many more will no doubt, on further investigation, fall into 
2€ same category of bad species.” Few will doubt this conclu- 
0n.-——D. J. Gwyn Jeffreys gives (Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist.) a 
list of seven species of shells dredged in the Black sea—none of 
these, except Mytilus edulis, had been previously enumerated, and 
one, Trophon breviatus is new. The Italian surveying ship 
ashington, which made an exploration around Sardinia and the 
western coast of Sicily in 188r, procured some mollusca and 
brachiopods at considerable depths. Terebratula vitrea was taken 
Sur fathoms, two species of Nucula at about 1500 fathoms, 
on agile at various depths from 86 to 1953 fathoms, 
‘Francia tenella at 1963 fathoms, and Scaphander librarius at 
about 1500 fathoms. 
Crustacea —In the Archives du Musée Teyler (Haarlem, Hol- 
land) T. C. Winkler compares the recent crustacean genus, 
Areosternus, lately described by Dr. J. G. De Man, of Leyden, 
pag consid to mark a new sub-family of the Astacidæ, equal 
to the Palinuridæ or the Seyllaridæ, with the fossil genera Pem- 
phix and Glyphea. The result of this comparison is that Aræos- 
pot weneeki De Man, the only known example of which was 
fought from a small island near Sumatra, is the representative of 
a long line of extinct genera, extending backwards in an uninter- 
