518 Recent Literature, 
beauty, ranking with Niagara and the falls of the Zambesi, in 
Africa. The principal are the Great Shoshone falls, the American 
falls and Salmon falls. A number of streams flow into the Snake 
from the lands to the south and west of its course, principal among 
them being the Bruneau, Owyhee, Malheur, Burnt, Powder and 
Grand Ronde rivers. The main branches from the east are the Ma- 
the Salmon, the principal tributary of the Snake. It drains a | 
by the Columbia and Wenatchee rivers, on the west by Puget 
sound, and the regions of the St. Joseph and Clearwater rivers m 4 
‘Northern Idaho. ascade i 
A chapter is devoted to the geological history of the Cast ugh ] 
mountains and the magnificent gorge of the Columbia aiat 4 
these mountains, based on the observations, in 1874, of Pro A 
J. LeConte. The author has also ascended and measured er : 
tinct volcanos in Southern Oregon, beginning with Mount #1% — 
Three Sisters, _ 
ly below that 4 
of Mount Hood. He describes the surface geology of the yt l 
Jumbia į 
feet above the present river surface; and that at this time E of 
was a great lake in the south-western part of the Ge 4 
the Columbia.” This Quaternary lake on the map is ae coun- 
ce Lewis. Many of the cañons in the Upper Colum! res, aad 1 
try were not valleys of erosion, but volcanic rents or ret p a 
our author concludes that “the courses of many of the E 
y 
