1883. ] Geology and Paleontology. 649 
glacial moraines. The shales vary in hardness from that of 
scarcely compacted clay to argillaceous sandstone, and some of 
the sandstone is argillaceous and liable to fall to pieces on expo- 
sure to atmospheric agencies. 
he report gives valuable information respecting the iron 
mines, the output of which last year was 900,000 tons, or more 
than in any previous year; the plastic clays, with their industry 
of brick-making, terra-cotta and terra-cotta lumber (a mixture of 
sawdust and clay, forming a light yet strong building material) ; 
the changes of the shore line, the net result of which is consid- 
erably in favor of old ocean, who has encroached upon the 
meadow sod so that in some spots tracks of cattle and horses 
are found on what is now the beach ; and upon seaside develop- 
ments, climate, and the rapid progress of agriculture in the 
southern and almost sub-tropical extremity of the State. 
friends in the steam yacht. The following course was sailed over : 
From this city to Halifax, N. S., standing well out to sea; thence 
coastwise to Cape Sable and Yarmouth; across the inner mouth 
of the bay to Grand Manan island ; up the coast of New Bruns- 
wick to St. John and Truro, at the head of the bay; down the 
coast of Nova Scotia to Annapolis, which river and several others 
I ascendea, thus circumnavigating the entire sheet of water, which 
is about 180 miles long by an average width of 40 miles. Sound- 
ings and deep sea and surface temperatures were taken during the 
cruise. A week was spent at Kingsfort, N. S., on the beautiful 
Basin of Minas, a few miles from Cape Blomidon and Cape Split. 
These tides are, as you say, one of the wonders of the world. 
ey are caused, as are also the dense fogs of this region and of 
the North Atlantic by the cold Gulf Stream,’ pouring from the 
Fetic ocean by Smith sound, Baffin’s bay and Davis strait, along 
the coast of Labrador, and through the Strait of Belleisle, which 
discharges into the Gulf of St. Lawrence. These cold, heavy cur- 
rents hug the coast line as they run. 
On doubling the south-east corner of Nova Scotia, at Cape 
Sable, they strike for the first time the warm and lighter waters 
from the south, and drive the latter before them toward the point 
least resistance, which is up the Bay of Fundy. At its mouth, 
OPposite Cape Sable, the tide rises 6 feet; opposite Digby, 28 
feet; at St. John, 38 feet; off Windsor, 45 feet, and when ebb, a 
ret Could not be filled with water in the harbor; at Truro, 
feet, and at ebb the red clay bottom is exposed for a distance of 
inao 
This is a mistake. Labrador current is undoubtedly meant.— Eds. 
