1883.] Physiology. 679 
as much as a horse by taking more time, and can choose two 
methods—either to divide the load or use a lever or a pulley. If 
a horse moves half its its own weight three feet in a second, while 
a June-beetle needs a hundred seconds to convey fifty times its 
weight an equal distance, the two animals perform equal work 
proportioned to their weights. True, the cockchafer can hold 
fourteen times its weight in equilibrium (one small June-beetle 
sixty-six times), while a horse cannot balance nearly his own 
weight. But this does not measure the amount of oscillatory 
motion induced by the respective pulls. For this both should 
Operate against a spring. 
A small beetle can escape from under a piece of cardboard a 
hundred times its weight. Pushing its head under the edge and 
using it as a lever, it straightens itself on its legs and moves the 
board just a little, but enough to escape. Of course, we know a 
horse would be powerless to escape from a load a hundred times its 
own weight. His head cannot be made into a lever. Give hima 
lever that will make the time he takes equal to that taken by the 
insect, and he will throw off the loadat a touch. The fact is that 
in small creatures the lack of muscular energy is replaced by 
which was three times the bulk of the other, leaped an equal 
height. This was what might be expected of two animals simi- 
larly constructed. The spring was proportioned tothe bulk. In 
Experiments on the insects with powerful wings, such as bees, flies, 
dragon-flies, etc., it was found that the weight they could bear 
without being forced to descend was in most cases equal to their 
own. In some cases it was more, but the inequality of rate of 
fight, had it been taken into the reckoning, would have accounted 
or this. 
Take two creatures of different bulk but built upon exactly the 
Same plan and proportions, saya Brobdignagian and a Lilliputian, 
and let both show their powers in the arena. Suppose the first to 
Weigh a million times more than the second. If the giant could 
raise to his shoulder, some thirty-five feet from the ground, a 
Weight twenty thousand pounds, the dwarf can raise to his 
Shoulder, not, as might be thought, a fiftieth of a pound, but two 
full pounds, The distance raised would be a hundred times less. 
a race the Lilliputian, with a hundred skips a second, will travel 
an equal distance with the giant, who would take but a skip ina 
“econd. The leg of the latter weighs a million times the most, 
