1883. } Catlinite. 749 
from the work of the Swedish traveler, Professor Kalm, in refer- 
ence to the Indians, preceding the year 1748: “ The old tobacco- 
pipes were made of clay or pot-stone, or serpentine stone—the 
tube thick and short. Some were made better, of a very fine red 
pot stone, and were seen chiefly with the sachems.” 
During the last century catlinite pipes were in general use 
amongst the various Indian tribes of the United States. The 
recent historians devote considerable space in their works to the 
description and illustration of these characteristic aboriginal pro- 
ductions. 
Schoolcraft figures a number of Dakcta pipes, one of which re- 
presents a tomahawk and another is a curious pipe with two rec- 
tangular bowls, one placed behind the other and entirely distinct. 
Catlin has also published many sketches of calumets which he 
saw in his travels. He also made an interesting collection of these 
objects, which fell into the hands of the indefatigable collector, 
Mr. Wm. Bragge, F.S.A., of Birmingham, England (which collec- 
tion I learn has been recently sold), in which was an unfinished 
bowl from the quarry, a pipe in the form of a canoe, a Pawnee 
catlinite pipe representing a buffalo cow in front of the bowl and 
a calf at the back, and weighing nearly three pounds—in all a 
series of thirty specimens, many of them beautifully inlaid with 
metal. 
The red pipestone is still much sought for by the modern In- 
dians, and pipes of this material are common amongst the Santees, 
Poncas, Apaches, Comanches, Sioux, Cheyennes, Arapahoes, 
Utes and, indeed, almost all the tribes east of the Rocky moun- 
tains. In nearly every public and private ethnological museum of 
any importance, modern examples occur, but these are generally 
inlaid with lead, silver, tin or some other metal, and frequently 
show the influence of civilization in their designs, being made in 
imitation of iron hatchets, spear-heads, knives, the heads of horses 
or other objects, animate or inanimate, of European introduction. 
A fine specimen of the horse-head form, elaborately inlaid wi 
lead or pewter, is now in the museum of the Davenport Academy 
of Sciences, and a somewhat similar example, made by the Da- 
a See “ The History, Condition and Prospects of the Indian Tribes,” Part 11, pl. 
F Dr. C. S. Arthur, of Portland, Ind., owns a double-bowled catlinite pipe rey 
Similar to that mentioned above, but possessing an upright ridge on the horizontal 
neck, 
