750 Cathnite. [July, 
kota Indians, I procured from Professor E. H. Crane, of Colon, 
Michigan, who informs me that this tribe employs over seventy- 
five different patterns in pipe manufacture, of which the calumet 
is the only form for which they evince any degree of veneration 
in their ceremonies. This traveler saw the Indians take the mate- 
rial from the quarry and subsequently fashion it into pipe-bowls. 
The process of making catlinite pipes employed by the Sioux at 
the present day, is thus described to me by Mr. Chas. H. Bennett, 
of Pipe Stone City, Minnesota: A piece of the rock is selected from 
the best portion of the vein and the Indian sculptor, with an old 
piece of hoop iron, or a broken knife blade which he has picked 
up, fashions the block roughly into the desired form. Then slowly 
and tediously, with the same tools, he bores out the bowl and the 
hole in the stem, before carving the exterior, so that if, in the pro- 
cess of boring, the stone should split, no labor will be lost. After 
this is accomplished he shapes the surface into any design which 
he may have in view. This work often occupies weeks before it 
is completed, after which the carving is polished by rubbing it 
with grease or oil in the palms of the hands. Some of the more 
elaborate examples are inlaid with silver, lead or type-metal in the 
following manner: The portions to be inlaid are first cut out of 
the surface and a strip of heavy paper, first moistened, is wound 
tightly around the carved portions. Through a hole in the pap 
the melted metal is poured in until it fills all of the spaces. The 
wrapping is then removed and all of the uneven surfaces of metal 
rubbed smooth. These inlaid portions represent bands around 
the bowl or stem, or are made in stars, circles or geometrical 
devices, which give to the pipe a very ornamental appearance. 
Fig. 1 represents a carved pipe, two-thirds of the size of nature, 
which was sent to me by Mr. Bennett, made by a celebrated pip? 
maker belonging to the Flandreau Sioux. The material of this 
specimen is the purest and finest which I have ever seen, the color 
being a beautiful deep red. 
According to Professor N. H. Winchell, of Minneapolis, 
Chippewa Indians, at the present time, inlay the gray pipor 
with red catlinite to produce a showy effect. One of these, aoe 
famous Bragge collection in England, is made of dark stone ™ 
with white metal and catlinite, from Pembina, Minn. 
One of the finest catlinite pipes of recent date w 
the celebrated chief of the Sacs and Foxes, Keoku 
as owned by 
k, which wa 
