1883.] Catlinite. oe 
burial, the material probably being obtained from the northren 
part of the State. A third example, belonging to the same gentle- 
man, is a very diminutive pipe, an inch in length, shaped in imita- 
tion of an Indian moccasin. It was evidently intended to be used 
without the intervention of a movable stem or mouth-piece, the 
material being apparently catlinite of a dark reddish-brown color, 
the stem orifice passing through the toe. It was found near Fond 
du Lac, Wisconsin. 
Henry G. Clay, Esq., of Philadelphia, has a catlinite pipe made 
in the semblance of a bear’s paw, with inlaid ornamentation. Mr. 
H. F. Sibley, of Fairfield, Ill., is the possessor of a catlinite cal- 
umet which measures six and a half inches in length. It was 
found in Minnesota. Another example in the same collection is 
a diminutive pipe which was discovered in a cave in Kansas. In 
a group of mounds in Rock Island county, Illinois, at a depth of 
seven or eight feet, were recently found two other pipes made of 
the dark red pipestone. One of these is unfinished, having no 
perforation leading to the bowl. The other possesses a round 
bowl with the head of an animal, somewhat resembling a mouse, 
carved on one side. In the latter specimen the eyes of the ani- 
mal are not indicated, and the stem hole does not reach entirely 
through the bowl. These two last-mentioned examples have 
been placed in the Davenport Academy. 
Amongst nearly two hundred pipes, discovered by Squier and 
Davis in a small sacrificial mound in Ohio, were many “ composed 
of a red porphyritic stone, somewhat resembling the pipestone of 
the Céteau des Prairies, excepting that it is of great hardness and 
-interspersed with small, variously-colored granules.” When it is 
own that catlinite becomes hardened by long use and exposure 
m fire, there are strong reasons for believing that the “ red porphy- 
ritic stone,” several times mentioned in the “ Ancient Monuments 
of the Mississippi valley,” was in reality a variety of the true red 
Pipestone. Some of the limestone pipes had been entirely cal- 
cined by the heat “which had been sufficiently strong to melt 
copper. 
In support of the assertion that catlinite often occurs of colors 
other than red, Professor Crane writes me that he has taken speci- 
mens of this material from the great quarry which are pure white, 
and also pieces exhibiting every shade of color between this and 
deep red, including an ash-colored variety. A series of speci- 
