786 : General Notes. (July, 
resinous acid, which can then be dissolved out by means of an 
alkali 
ali. 
3. Cutose-—This substance constitutes the fine transparent 
membrane which forms the surface of the erial parts of plants; 
the “ suberine” of Chevreul is a compound of cutose and vascu- 
lose. It possesses several characters in common with vasculose, 
resisting the action of bi-hydrated sulphuric acid, but it is soluble 
at the ordinary pressure in dilute or carbonated solutions of 
potassa and soda. It contains more carbon and hydrogen than 
vasculose. Subjected to the action of nitric acid it gives rise to 
suberic acid. To separate cutose from the cellulose substances, 
and from vasculose, the copper reagent is first used to dissolve the 
former, and the tissue is then agitated with potassa at the ordi- 
nary or at a higher pressure, the former dissolving the cutose, and 
the latter the vascular. ; 
4. Pectose—This substance is insoluble in water, but is dis- 
solved by the action of dilute acids, and converted into pectine. 
. It occurs ordinarily in the atricular tissues of roots and fruits, and 
is recognized by subjecting the tissue with heat to the action of 
dilute hydrochloric acid; it then forms pectine, which dissolves 
in the water, and can be precipitated by alcohol. 
5. Calcium pectate—This salt is often the basis of a tissue 
which occurs in the form of a continuous membrane, serving 3S 
in the pith of certain trees to bind the cells together. If this salt 
is decomposed by an acid, the tissue is immediately disintegrated 
into its constituent cells. Its determination is effected by heating 
the tissue in the cold with dilute hydrochloric acid, which decom- 
poses the calcium pectate, leaving the pectic acid in an inso 
state; this is then heated with a dilute solution of potassa, ga 
ducing a soluble pectate which can be again decomposed PY 
acids. 
6. The Nitrogenous substances contained in vegetable tissues are 
dissolved by alkalies. ron 
7. The /norganic substances constitute the ash after cala 
and paracellulose. The utricular tissue of petals is comp rely of 
most entirely of cellulose, thin spiral vessels almost entirely ~ 
vasculose, 
Vasculose can be obtained in special purity from pt poe 
the elder. After treating with dilute alkali it is boiled rulose int 
hydrochloric acid in order to transform the paracellu 
