1883.] Zoblogy. 793 
ursula, should not be considered a sufficiently good species. 
The entomological papers from the transactions of the Iowa 
State Horticultural Society, for the year 1882, have been pub- 
lished separately for gratuitous circulation, and contain much in- 
formation of practical value from Hon. J. N. Dixon, Miss Alice 
B. Walton, and Professor Herbert Osborn. The monthly 
meetings of the Brooklyn Entomological Society will hereafter 
be held on the last Saturday of each month in Wright's business 
college, corner of Broadway and Fourth Streets. The Stettiner 
Entomologische Zeitung, Vol. 44, 1883, Nos. 7-9, contains beside 
others of less general interest the following papers: Dr. H. A. 
Hagen’s contributions to a monograph of the Psocidz (continued); 
Remarks upon the influence of change of food upon morphologi- 
cal varieties, especially in the species of the genus Eupithecia, 
by Dr. A. Speyer; H. B. Möschler's notice of Fernald’s catalogue 
of N. A. Tortricidae; and Dr. C. A. Dohrn’s list of Zeller’s en- 
tomological papers, published after the appearance of Hagen’s 
Bibliotheca. At the fiftieth anniversary meeting of the London 
Entomological Society, held May 2d of this year, Professor J. 
O. Westwood was elected by acclamation titular life-president of 
the society. 
ZOOLOGY. 
THE Sea Pens or Pennatutipa.—Professor Milnes Marshall 
and Mr. W. P. Marshall give an important and interesting account 
of the Pennatulida collected in the Oban Dredging Excursion of 
the Birmingham Natural History and Microscopical Society. 
Funiculina quadrangularis, Pennatula phosphorea and Virgularia 
mirabilis were the three forms collected. ge 
€ very primitive nature of the first of these is indicated by 
the irregular arrangement of the polyps, their independent inser- 
tion into the rachis, and in the comparatively slight difference be- 
tween the polyps and the zodids, as well as by the shortness of 
' Stalk, or part of the colony devoid of polyps. In Pennatula 
we have the polyps fused into leaves, and there is a considerable 
difference in the size of their constituent parts, as well as great 
anatomical differences between the polyps and the zooids; the 
Stalk is also relatively much longer. a 
Virgularia is shown to be the most modified by the restriction 
of the reproductive organs to imperfectly developed polyps, and, 
in addition to these points, by the presence of the so-called radial 
vessels which are absent from the other two forms. : 
<i very curious discovery has been made with regard to Virgu- 
laria; with but one exception all the known specimens of Virgu- 
laria are mutilated, the lower end being generally, and the upper 
“Ways wanting ; as a hypothesis, the author some time ago sug- 
Sested that the tips were probably bitten off by some marine ani- 
1 Le 
8vo, Birmingham, 1883, pp. 81 (4 pls.). 
