822 On the Classification of the Linnean Orders | August, 
The hind wings are often (Orthoptera and Odonata) broader 
and larger than the anterior pair, the metathorax in such cases 
being a little larger than the mesothorax. 
The abdomen has in this group, including representatives of 
the Neuroptera, Orthoptera, Dermatoptera and Pseudoneurop- 
tera, besides a tenth nearly-complete segment, the rudiments of 
an eleventh uromere, represented by a tergite forming the supra- 
anal triangular plate. Well developed jointed cercopoda occur 
in the Orthoptera and Pseudoneuroptera, while the forceps of For- 
ficula (Dermatoptera) are undoubtedly modified cercopoda. An 
ovipositor occurs in the Neuroptera (Panorpidz) and Orthoptera. 
The metamorphosis is incomplete in all the orders of Phylop- 
tera except the more recent and higher order, 7. e., the Neurop- 
tera (in Erichson’s sense), in which the transformations are com- 
plete, the pupa being quiescent and wholly unlike the larva. 
The relative standing of the four orders of Phyloptera is shown 
in the table or genealogical tree of the winged insects om page 
820. 
The sequence of the orders, such as we are compelled to adopt 
in writing or speaking of them, is difficult to decide upon. Be- 
ginning with what on the whole may be regarded as the lowest 
order, we might first take up the Dermatoptera, which are, 1m 
most respects, the most generalized forms, and stand nearest to 
the Thysanura (Japyx). 
The following is the succession of orders, placing the lowest 
uppermost : 
Dermatoptera Burm. 
Orthoptera Linn. 
Psendoneuroptera Erichson. 
Neuroptera Linn., restricted by Erichson : 
Before discussing the relative standing of these orders, We will 
briefly indicate the more salient and generally applicable differen- 
tial characters, especially what we regard as the more fun set 
tal ones, but slightly touching upon the mouth-parts and wo 
these being peripheral and more adaptive characters, and liable 
to greatest variation, and being of less value in characterizin 
orders of Phyloptera. 
Order 1. DERMATOPTERA. 
Forficula presents so many features separating it fr 
Nic. 
H 
om the Of 
thoptera, and is so composite a form that it should be reg4 ao 
