1883.] Entomology. 879 
teguments of the ovule itself; otherwise they do not develop. 
The fertility of the insect is astonishing, a very few of them being 
able to pierce the numerous female flowers of a fruit of the capri- 
fig. For this purpose the ovipositor is thrust between the branches 
of the stigma, down the pollen channel of the style into the ovary, 
and into the solitary ovule itself. This act causes a gall forma- 
tion, whilst it does not prevent the development of the ovule into 
an imperfect seed, which shelters and nourishes the larva that es- 
capes from the egg.” 
MIGRATIONS OF GALL-MAKING PLANT-LICE.— G. V. Horvath 
(Revue d’ Entomologie, T. 11, 1883, pp. 64-7) has observed that 
Pemphigus zee@-maidis Duf., which inhabits the roots of maize, 
flies in autumn to adjoining elm trees, and in time produces the 
winter egg, from which the following spring some gall-making 
form hatches. Lichtenstein concludes that this must be Pemphi- 
gus pallidus Hallid., which F. Low has shown to be synonymous 
with Tetraneura alba Ratzb. The connection of the two insects 
yet lacks proof, and seems improbable. 
SAMIA CYNTHIA FEEDING ON THE SASSAFRAS AND TULIP TREE.! 
which fed on ailanthus. Up to this time all appeared to have 
gone well with them; but when, in December, the cocoons were 
collected, I found, on cutting them open, that not one contained 
a live chrysalis, and that the majority of the larvae had died before 
turning to the pupa state. There were about 150 cocoons cut 
open with the above result. 
I found also that seventeen Cynthia cocoons, which I collected 
from tulip trees, were in the same condition. No sign of insect 
enemies appeared. The larva seemed to have shriveled up.—H. 
H. Birney. 
LicHTENSTEIN’s NOMENCLATURE OF THE VARIOUS PHASES PRE- 
SENTED IN THE LIFE-HISTORY OF THE APHIDIDH.—While the £n- 
tomologists Monthly Magazine (March, 1882, p. 224) thinks proper 
to publish a translation of my introduction to Adler's “ Cynipidz,” 
e AMERICAN NaTURALIST considers my attempt to explain the 
! Abstract of a read before the Biological Society of Washington, April 27. 
paper 
