936 On the Genealogy of the Insects. [September, 
¿whose larvz live in cylindrical cases, the body is seen to be essen- 
‘tially Campodea-like; the head is fundamentally like that of 
Corydalis; the differences are adaptive. 
But when we regard the larva of the Panorpide, we are deal- 
ing with a new type; it is caterpillar-like, eruciform ; its body is 
slender and cylindrical, the head small and. feet short and small. 
‘Notice also its habits. The larva of Panorpa communis of Eu- 
rope, as described by Brauer, is remarkably caterpillar-like or 
eruciform. The head is small, well rounded, and the antenn 
and mouth-parts are small and rudimentary, compared with those 
of other Neuroptera, not excepting the Trichoptera. Moreover, 
they are constructed on nearly the same type as those of cater- 
pillars; for example, the mandibles are short, toothed, of the 
same form as in Lepidopterous larve ; the maxilla‘ are short, and 
whether more than two-lobed Brauer does not state, though his 
figure indicates apparently a rudimentary third lobe; the palpt 
are four-jointed, while the labium is small with small three-jointed 
palpi. ; 
The form of the body is thick and stout, like that of a Bomby- 
cid (Arctian) larva. The short, four-jointed thoracic feet are ™ 
length and thickness like those of caterpillars. But ‘the most 
striking resemblance to caterpillars and- saw-fly larve is seen in 
the eight pairs of abdominal feet, which Brauer describes ss re: 
cal or pin-shaped (kegelformig), while on the last (ninth: or 
tenth?) segment are four finger-shaped, equal processes. ae 
only the form of the body but also the arrangement and shape 
the button-like setiferous warts on the body are strikingly like 
those of some Arctian caterpillars. The pupa has free limbs ane 
wings as in other Neuroptera. The larva of Panorpa os 
inch deep into moss-covered, not wet soil. a 
The larve of Bittacus (B. italicus and hagenit) 
and figured by Brauer, have a rounded head wit ee 
; . ed with those 
parts; the mandibles are, however, rather long, compares aoe 
of Panorpa; while the maxilla have apparently two maer a 
lobes, and a four-jointed, short maxillary palpus; t 
, as also described 
body is not so thick as in Panorpa; it is cylindrical and ge 
with long, scattered, dorsal spines, which bear one OF m. 
1 Sitzungsberichte math.-naturw. Classe k. Akad. Wiss. , Wien, 
2 Verhandlungen k, k. zool.-bot. Gessellschaft in Wien, 1871. 
OS a UR alae pana aa a ae PA ve AEN T eet 
h small mouth- 
he labium is 
. s. . i The 4 a 
rudimentary, with a pair of short, minute, two-jointed palpi. a 
1851. Tafell | 4 
