1034 Ts the Group Arthropoda a valid one? (Oca, 
But the embryo plant, wrapped in its seed or spore, more € 
overcomes these obstacles. Before it becomes a rooted oma 
it has a greater freedom. gi 
This idea may be enforced by untied a few sentences froma 
work already referred to, that of Hildebrand: a 
of free movement. It consists in the fact that their descen an s 
before striking root in the ground, can, by means of various c 
trivances, be spread around the parent plant in a wide circle, and 
is not able to pass over a chain of mountains of a certain 
or cross a broad expanse of water by swimming or flying. 
permitted by its organization to live only in a marsh, it cani 
wander from one marsh to another, or far away from the mai 
in which it lives. No more can an animal, whose home is it 
these hindrances are more or less easily overcome by the 
plants. Being provided in themselves or their surroundings 
the most varied equipments, they are borne far away by | 
water; and even in spreading obtain aid from the 
movement of animals, by whom they may be carried to 
places,” 
:0: l 
IS THE GROUP ARTHROPODA A VALID 0 
BY J. S. KINGSLEY. 
NET EA years have passed since the four sub-ki 
ber of groups, varying according to the author 
all the group Arthropoda is accepted, only a very * 
expressing any doubts as to its validity. The qu 
naturalness we here propose to discuss in a very bri brief 
According to the old canons of classification, © 
anatomy was made the basis of systematic arrang 
1 Die Verbreitungsmittel der Pflanzen, pp. 1, 2- 
