1040 A Classification of the Natural Sciences. [: 
all artificial species as well. The study of native mineral s 
their aggregations, and their arrangement as constituents 
planet, is the object of geognosy and physical geograp 
physiography of other worlds gives rise to descr 
omy. 
The natural philosophy of the inorganic kingdom, or 
physiology, is concerned, in the first place, with what is ge 
called dynamics or physics, including the phenomena of o1 
motion, sound, radiant energy, electricity and magnetism 
called chemical species, which, theoretically, may be.suppose 
be formed from a single elemental substance or materia pı 
Dynamics and chemistry build up the inorganic world, m 
rise to the science of geogeny and, as applied to other worlds, 
theoretical astronomy. 
Proceeding to the organic kingdom, its physiographic i 
leads us first to organography and then to descriptive and 
tematic botany and zodlogy, two great sub-divisions of ai 
ties manifested in the mineral kingdom, other and 
which characterize the organic kingdom. On this high 
of existence are found portions of matter which have be 
_ dividualized, exhibit irritability, the power of growth by: 
lation, and of reproduction, and moreover establish relation 
the external world by the development of organs; 
-iş foreign to the mineral kingdom. These new activiti 
designated as vital, but since this term is generally 
clude at the same time manifestations which are simply 
cal or chemical, I have elsewhere proposed for the ac 
acteristic of the organism the term biotics (Greek 
taining to life). ! 
The physiology of matter in the abstract is dynam 
mineral species is both dynamical and chemical, white 
organized forms is at once dynamical, chemical and bic 
study of the biotical activities of matter leads to orge 
morphology, while the relations of organisms to one- 
and to the inorganic world, gives rise to phy , 
and physiological zodlogy. We thus attain toa 
