So 
$ 
1883.] The Hibernacula of Herbs. 1109 
tum Torr. & Gr., Cardamine rhomboidea DC., and Erigenia bulbosa 
Nutt., may be readily discerned beneath the fallen autumn leaves 
during the last days of January ; and all of these have resource 
to food secured the previous year. 
Trillium sessile S., is also a monopodium. The hibernaculum 
in this case is very highly developed, and encloses not only the 
perfect plantlet of the following year, with leaves, sepals, stamens 
and ovary, but also a little convex bud, from which the aerial 
stem two years hence is to develop. In the first week of Febru- 
ary a plant hewn from the frozen ground, three inches beneath its 
surface, showed the leaves already protruding from the hibernacu- 
lum. Slowly this growth continues, perhaps only on warm days, 
until its proper season, April, arrives. The entire plant is then 
only an enlargement of the miniature already extant in autumn. 
Uvularia grandiflora Smith, another of the Liliacez, has linear, 
oblong winter buds, which contain the aerial stems with their 
branches, the leaves and the terminal flowers all in a state of high 
development. They certainly contain a greater mass of detail than 
any other known hibernacula of herbs. 
The winter-bud of Asarum canadense. L., is very simple in struc- 
ture, containing two leaves and a flower, enveloped by the loose 
scales, or specialized ‘leaf-blades. 
Anemone hepatica L., has a monopodial stem which produces 
no aerial branches; on this account the plant is said to be stem- 
less, e bud consists of three small scales and three to four 
larger ones, the latter subtending each one flower bud. Within 
are seen three to four poorly developed leaves, which are very 
hairy, 
Symplocarpus fætidus Salisb., resembles the Anemone in having 
no aerial branches. A number of scales, showing by their varia- 
tions that they are specialized petioles, are followed by a large 
number of leaves. The inner scales alone bear flowering spathes 
capable of development. However, almost all the earlier leaves 
contain in their axils abortive spathes, pointing to a probable sum- 
mer flowering ancestor which could utilize them all. Both the 
Anemone and Symplocarpus have their flower buds highly de- 
veloped, and being placed in the lower axils separate from the 
leaves, they receive the first nourishment and hence appear before 
the leaves. It is not unusual to find flowers in the first half of 
tiar y which have mistaken the warmth of a few days for 
