1883.] Geology and Paleontology. 1157 
erate—in all over 2000 feet. The strike of the whole series is 
E. W., the dip being a slight one towards the north. The rich- 
est gold washings of the Chapodao are along streams which run 
over the sandstone and conglomerates adove the fossil beds.— 
Herbert H. Smith, 
GEOLOGICAL Notes.—Si/urian.—M. Lebesconte, on the occa- 
sion of the presentation to the French Geological Society of the 
posthuinous works of Marie Roualt, gave the following reasons 
why Cruziana and Rysophycus, described by that geologist, 
should be considered to be vegetables and not the tracks of ani- 
mals, as they were considered by M. Nathorst: (1) They are 
met with not only upon the lower surface of the beds but also 
upon the upper; (2) they occur even in the interior of the rock; 
(3) the great majority anastomose in a most intimate manner, 
showing plainly the points of junction, while the animal tracks 
that simulate vegetable forms are broken at the point of junction. 
Devonian —M. Oehlert has described in the Bulletin of the 
French Geological Society eight new crinoids from the depart- 
ment of Mayenne, including three Rhodocrinide, two species of 
Melocrinus, a Phimocrinus, a Lecanocrinus and a Hexacrinus. 
„Carboniferous —M. Zeiller (Bull. Soc. Geol. France, May, 1883) 
gives the result of an examination of the coal beds of Tong-king. 
e flora of these beds differs somewhat from that of the coal 
beds of Europe, the greater part of Asia with China, and North 
America, and seems intermediate between that of these continents 
and that of Australia. The flora of the lower marine Carbonifer- 
ous beds of Australia is similar to that of Europe, Asia and North 
America, and the coal beds of New South Wales must therefore 
be of Carboniferous age, to which also those of Tong-king 
belong, 
n. 
aa Besançon, and with many others. When, on the conha 
level of the bottom of the closed basin is below ar al ; 
Waters exterior to it, these exterior waters penetrate into it along 
ne of the lines of rupture, enlarging the fissure by their erosion. 
