1883.] Geology and Paleontology. 1273 
M. Marcou then proceeds to make merry over tke Calaveras 
skull, which bore in its encrusting gravel a Helix mormonum, and 
which came from a shaft no one had seen. The existence of 
Quaternary man in California is not questioned by M. Marcou, 
the existence of mortars, hammers and other stone implements, 
together with some axes of obsidian and even some fragments of 
human bones, give incontestable proof of it, while the numerous 
remains of Elephas, Mastodon, Rhinoceros, Bos, Equus, Canis, 
ma, etc., prove the Quaternary age of these remains. 
The reference of this unauthenticated skull to the Tertiary age 
will, says our critic, “ suffice to give an idea of the incorrectness 
and absolute lack of exactitude in observation of this economical 
geologist or specialist of mining statistics.” “As for Tertiary 
man, there is absolutely no trace of him in all California, at least 
up to date.” ne 
M. Marcou has not yet finished. The glaciers of California 
are his next theme, and he laughs at the director and sub-direc- 
tor of the Geological Survey of California for marching for hours 
Over the glaciers of Mt. Shasta without ever dreaming they were 
on a glacier, and at Professor Le Conte for bringing the northern 
ice-sheet over California. , 
€ mountain ranges of California, according to M. Marcou, 
belong to the following ages: i 
I. Sierra Nevada, Tehachape and Sierra Madre (the mountains 
south of the union of the Coast range and Sierra) to the Azoic. 
1. The Coast range, as far south as Point Conception and Santa 
Barbara, to the Eocene. i 
ur. The Sierras of San Fernando and Santa Monica, to the 
e 
iocene, 
Iv. The hills of Los Angeles, to the end of the Pliocene. 
v. The mountains east of the entrance of Cajon Pass, to the 
end of the Quaternary. 
vi. The volcanic eruptions, to the commencement of the pres- 
ent age 
appears to have been observed by Hulke in Hypsilophodon, since 
t paleontologist mentions a “ thin tri l 
trough-like rit ” and lying in front of a mandible of cat ger 
‘aurian, Hulke suggests that this bone may be connect Pot : 
the Premaxilla, but M. Dollo states that in the seven skulls o 
T. bernissartensis studied by him, it was attached to the lower cee 
lat its presence in the upper jaw would render inexpli 
