CIRCULAR N^. 270. Issued AUGUST 1933; revised MARCH 1934 



UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 



WASHINGTON, D.C. 



Has been : 



— see rev, 



binders s 



end of fi 



ORCHARD INSECTS OF THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST 

 AND THEIR CONTROL 



By E. J. Newcomer, senior entomologist, Division of Fruit Insects, Bureau of 



Entomology l 



CONTENTS 



Page 



Introduction 1 



Apple and pear insects.- 2 



Codling moth 2 



San Jose scale 8 



Oyster-shell scale 11 



Cottony maple scale 12 



Fruit tree leaf roller 13 



Red spiders 15 



Pear leaf blister mite 19 



Rust mite 21 



Rosy apple aphid 21 



Green apple aphid 22 



"Woolly apple aphid 23 



Tree hoppers 25 



Tarnished plant bug 27 



Boxelder bug 28 



Climbing cutworms 29 



Green fruit worms 31 



Eye-spotted bud moth 32 



Flat-headed borers 32 



Larger shot-hole borer 32 



Bronze apple-tree weevil 34 



Flower thrips 34 



Pear thrips 35 



Apple leaf hoppers 35 



Syneta leaf beetle 37 



Western tent caterpillar 38 



A fall webworm 39 



Tussock moths 40 



Apple lace bug 40 



Apple leaf miner 40 



Apple fruit miner 41 



Pear slug 41 



Pear leaf worm 42 



Dock sawfly 43 



Ants 44 



Cherry insects 44 



San Jose scale 44 



Black cherry aphid 45 



Red spiders 45 



Cherry fruit fly ', 46 



Pear slug 47 



Syneta leaf beetle ._ 47 



Shot-hole borer 49 



Pear thrips 49 



Page 



Prune and plum insects 49 



San Jose scale 49 



European fruit lecanium 49 



Aphids 49 



Red spiders 50 



Rust mite 51 



Peach borer 51 



Other borers 53 



Pear thrips 53 



Eye-spotted bud moth 55 



Destructive prune worm 56 



Snowy tree cricket 56 



Syneta leaf beetle 58 



Caterpillars 59 



Peach twig borer 59 



Peach insects 59 



Green peach aphid 59 



Black peach aphid 60 



Peach twig borer 61 



San Jose scale 62 



European fruit lecanium 62 



Climbing cutworms 62 



Peach borer 62 



Stone flies 63 



Walnut insects 63 



Walnut aphid 63 



Beneficial insects 63 



Spray materials 66 



Lead arsenate ■. 67 



Fluorine compounds 67 



Lime-sulphur 68 



Lubricating-oil emulsions and miscible 



oils 68 



Nicotine 70 



Pyrethrum 70 



Spreaders and stickers 70 



Spraying schedules 70 



Dusting materials 72 



Tree-banding materials 72 



Baits and lights 72 



Orchard methods and sanitation 74 



Index 75 



INTRODUCTION 



The production of deciduous- tree fruits constitutes one of the impor- 

 tant industries of the Pacific Northwest, and the annual value of the 

 commercial deciduous-fruit crop in this region is nearly one fifth that 



1 Credit is given to the following authors for illustrations in this circular which have appeared in earlier 

 publications: A. L. Quaintance and E. H. Siegler, figures 2, 3, 6, 7, 8, 10, 11, 13, 14, 15, 16, 18, 20, 21, 23, 25, 

 26, 28, 37, 38, 39, 41, 42, 43, 44, 47, 48, 50, 51, 55, 68, and 72; E. J. Newcomer and M. A. Yothers, figures 4, 

 5, 17, and 19; M. A. Yothers, figures 29 and 30; C. A. Weigel and W. Middleton, figure 31; S. E. Crumb, 

 figure 36; R. L. Nougaret, W. M. Davidson, and E. J. Newcomer, figure 52; D. F. Fisher and E. J. New- 

 comer, figure 58; A. L. Quaintance and A. C. Baker, figures 60, 71, and 77; O. 1. Snapp, figures 61 and 62; 

 B. A. Porter, figure 68; F. H. Chittenden, figure 75; E. A. McGregor, figure 76; and C. L. Marlatt. 

 figure 79. The photograph for figure 49 was furnished by the Oregon Agricultural Experiment Station and 

 the photograph for figure 67 was furnished by the Idaho Agricultural Experiment Station. 



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