32 



CIRCULAR 270, U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 



moth usually prevent the fruit worms from becoming very injurious. 

 Most of the damage is done early, and affected fruits may often be 

 thinned off without much loss. If special control is necessary, lead 

 arsenate, 3 pounds to 100 gallons, should be used alone or added to 

 a scab spray when the blossoms are in the pink. 



EYE-SPOTTED BUD MOTH 



The eye-spotted bud moth (Spilonota ocellana D. and S.) occurs in 

 Idaho, northeastern Washington, and the region west of the Cascade 

 Mountains. The injury to the fruit, which is caused by the young, 

 consists of irregular surface feeding or a series of small holes in the 



skin (fig. 41). Sprays 

 used for controlling the 

 codling moth on apple 

 and pear usually pre- 

 vent this insect from 

 becoming a serious pest 

 on these fruits (p. 71). 

 If additional control is 

 necessary, lead • arse- 

 nate, 3 pounds to 100 

 gallons, may be added 

 to the pink spray of 

 lime - sulphur solution 

 which is often used for 

 scab or mildew, or the 

 lead arsenate may be 

 used alone at this time. 



FLAT-HEADED BORERS 



Two species of flat- 

 headed borers, the flat- 

 headed apple tree borer 

 (Chrysobothris jemorata 

 Oliv.) and the Pacific 

 flat-headed borer {C. 

 mali Horn), occur in the orchards of the Pacific Northwest. They 

 are very similar, the adult beetles (fig. 42) being flattened, and dark 

 greenish blue or dark bronze in color with coppery spots. The 

 larvae or borers are most often injurious to young trees, particularly 

 those that are weakened from sunburn or other causes. They are 

 waxy white, about an inch long when full grown, legless, and with 

 the fore part of the body broad and flat (fig. 43). The beetles emerge 

 in the spring and lay eggs on the tree trunks, preferably in the sun. 

 The young borers burrow into the bark and require a year or more 

 for complete development. Both species are native American insects. 

 Trees should be kept in a resistant, healthy condition, as the 

 young borers are unable to thrive in vigorous trees with strong-flow- 

 ing sap. If the trunks of young trees are protected with whitewash, 

 or if a board or stave is placed so that it will shade the trunk, danger 

 of injury will be reduced. 



LARGER SHOT-HOLE BORER 



In the coastal area small, round holes, looking like shot holes, are 

 sometimes found in the trunks of pear trees (fig. 44). These are 



Figure 35.— Boxelder bugs feeding on 



