ORCHARD INSECTS OF THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST 



37 



of soap dissolved in water, or with 1 pound of casein spreader. This 

 must be used when the young are on the trees, as the adults are too 

 active to be reached with a contact spray. The application should 

 therefore be made in May for the green leaf hopper or the first genera- 

 tion of the white leaf hopper, and in late July or August for the second 

 generation of the latter. The nicotine spray may often be combined 

 with an oil emulsion and used in place of one of the applications of 

 lead arsenate for the codling moth. The lime-sulphur spray, which 

 is used in May in some districts for apple scab or powdery mildew 



Figure 45.— So-called "pansy spots" caused by the flower thrips. 



(table 1, p. 68), constitutes an excellent control for leaf hoppers, and 

 when it is used nicotine sulphate should not be needed. 



SYNETA LEAF BEETLE 



The syneta leaf beetle (Syneta albida Lee.) seldom injures apples, 

 but may cause a reduction of 50 percent or more in the pear crop. 

 The injury consists of scars and deformities on the fruit, caused by the 

 beetles when feeding. The beetle also chews the fruit stems (fig. 46), 

 and causes some of the fruit to drop. Practically all of the injury is 

 done during April and May. The life history of the beetle is discussed 

 on page 47. 



CONTROL 



Good control of the beetles on apples and pears may often be 

 obtained by a single thorough application of lead arsenate at the rate 

 of 3 pounds to 100 gallons of water, used as a calyx spray. If the 



