﻿Circular 
  No. 
  270 
  

  

  Issued 
  August 
  1933 
  • 
  Washington, 
  D. 
  C. 
  

  

  Revised 
  October 
  1950 
  

  

  UNITED 
  STATES 
  DEPARTMENT 
  OF 
  AGRICULTURE 
  

  

  Orchard 
  Insects 
  of 
  the 
  Pacific 
  Northwest 
  

   and 
  Their 
  Control 
  

  

  By 
  E. 
  J. 
  Newcomee, 
  entomologist, 
  Division 
  of 
  Fruit 
  Insect 
  Investigations, 
  

   Bureau 
  of 
  Entomology 
  and 
  Plant 
  Quarantine 
  ^ 
  

  

  In 
  the 
  orchards 
  of 
  the 
  Pacific 
  

   Northwest 
  insects 
  take 
  a 
  toll 
  of 
  

   many 
  million 
  dollars 
  a 
  year. 
  In 
  

   Washington 
  and 
  Oregon 
  alone 
  the 
  

   value 
  of 
  the 
  annual 
  fruit 
  crop 
  is 
  

   about 
  100 
  million 
  dollars, 
  and 
  the 
  

   cost 
  of 
  combating 
  insect 
  pests 
  and 
  

   the 
  losses 
  due 
  to 
  infested 
  fruit 
  

   amount 
  to 
  about 
  one-tenth 
  this 
  

   figure. 
  Knowledge 
  of 
  the 
  insects 
  

   found 
  in 
  these 
  orchards 
  — 
  their 
  life 
  

   history 
  and 
  habits 
  and 
  how 
  to 
  con- 
  

   trol 
  them 
  — 
  is 
  of 
  vital 
  interest 
  to 
  

   fruit 
  growers. 
  This 
  circular 
  gives 
  

   such 
  information 
  about 
  the 
  most 
  

   important 
  insects 
  found 
  in 
  the 
  

   orchards 
  of 
  Oregon, 
  Washington, 
  

   Idaho, 
  and 
  western 
  Montana. 
  

   Many 
  of 
  these 
  insects 
  also 
  occur 
  in 
  

   Utah 
  and 
  California, 
  

  

  APPLE 
  AND 
  PEAR 
  INSECTS 
  

   Codling 
  Moth 
  

  

  The 
  codling 
  moth 
  - 
  is 
  present 
  in 
  

   all 
  the 
  apple-growing 
  districts 
  of 
  

   the 
  West, 
  having 
  been 
  accidentally 
  

   introduced 
  from 
  Europe 
  into 
  the 
  

   Eastern 
  States 
  and 
  then 
  transmit- 
  

   ted 
  to 
  the 
  Pacific 
  coast. 
  

  

  This 
  insect 
  is 
  injurious 
  only 
  in 
  

   the 
  larval, 
  or 
  worm, 
  stage. 
  The 
  

   young 
  worms 
  crawl 
  to 
  the 
  fruit 
  

   nearest 
  them, 
  burrow 
  into 
  it, 
  and 
  

   produce 
  the 
  familiar 
  wormy 
  apple 
  

   or 
  pear. 
  Many 
  worms 
  enter 
  

   through 
  the 
  calyx 
  end, 
  where 
  the 
  

   calyx 
  protects 
  them 
  and 
  they 
  can 
  

   easily 
  obtain 
  a 
  foothold; 
  others 
  

   enter 
  at 
  a 
  point 
  where 
  two 
  fruits 
  

   touch, 
  or 
  where 
  a 
  leaf 
  touches 
  a 
  

   fruit 
  ; 
  and 
  still 
  others 
  burrow 
  into 
  

   the 
  exposed 
  side 
  of 
  the 
  fruit. 
  The 
  

   worm 
  penetrates 
  the 
  skin 
  and 
  

   within 
  an 
  hour 
  excavates 
  a 
  small 
  

   cavity. 
  It 
  remains 
  near 
  the 
  sur- 
  

   face 
  for 
  a 
  few 
  days 
  and 
  then 
  bur- 
  

   rows 
  to 
  the 
  center 
  of 
  the 
  fruit, 
  

   usually 
  feeding 
  on 
  the 
  seeds 
  and 
  

   core. 
  When 
  full-grown 
  the 
  worm 
  

   tunnels 
  to 
  the 
  surface 
  and 
  leaves 
  

   the 
  fruit. 
  Wormy 
  fruit 
  is 
  of 
  small 
  

   commercial 
  value, 
  as 
  it 
  will 
  not 
  

   keep 
  long, 
  and 
  the 
  laws 
  of 
  some 
  

   States 
  forbid 
  its 
  shipment 
  except 
  

   to 
  byproducts 
  plants. 
  

  

  Another 
  form 
  of 
  injury 
  known 
  

   as 
  the 
  sting 
  (fig. 
  1) 
  is 
  caused 
  by 
  

   a 
  worm 
  that 
  begins 
  to 
  burrow 
  into 
  

   the 
  fruit 
  and 
  then 
  dies, 
  usually 
  

   from 
  feeding 
  on 
  a 
  slow- 
  acting- 
  

   poison 
  spray 
  on 
  the 
  fruit. 
  Large 
  

  

  'The 
  assistance 
  of 
  staff 
  members 
  of 
  the 
  Yakima, 
  Wash., 
  laboratory 
  of 
  the 
  

   Bureau 
  of 
  Entomology 
  and 
  Plant 
  Quarantine, 
  and 
  of 
  members 
  of 
  the' 
  various 
  

   experiment 
  stations 
  in 
  the 
  Pacific 
  Northwest, 
  is 
  gratefully 
  acknowledged. 
  

  

  ^The 
  scientific 
  names 
  of 
  the 
  Insects 
  included 
  in 
  this 
  circular 
  are 
  listed 
  on 
  

   page 
  56. 
  

  

  890478°— 
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