﻿CIRCULAR 
  2 
  70, 
  U. 
  S. 
  DEPARTMENT 
  OF 
  AGRICULTURE 
  

  

  2 
  pounds 
  to 
  100 
  gallons 
  in 
  later 
  

   applications. 
  A 
  calyx 
  spray 
  is 
  un- 
  

   necessary 
  if 
  DDT 
  is 
  used. 
  The 
  

   first 
  cover 
  spray 
  should 
  be 
  applied 
  

   as 
  soon 
  as 
  large 
  numbers 
  of 
  moths 
  

   begin 
  to 
  fly, 
  usually 
  2 
  to 
  3 
  weeks 
  

   after 
  the 
  petals 
  fall, 
  as 
  DDT 
  not 
  

   only 
  kills 
  many 
  of 
  the 
  moths 
  but 
  

   also 
  destroys 
  any 
  worms 
  that 
  

   might 
  develop. 
  

  

  Bartlett 
  pears 
  can 
  often 
  be 
  pro- 
  

   tected 
  for 
  the 
  season 
  with 
  a 
  single 
  

   cover 
  spray 
  applied 
  just 
  before 
  the 
  

   first 
  eggs 
  hatch. 
  Usually 
  winter 
  

   pears 
  must 
  be 
  sprayed 
  more 
  than 
  

   once. 
  

  

  Attractive 
  baits,- 
  containing 
  fer- 
  

   menting 
  solutions 
  of 
  sugar 
  or 
  

   molasses, 
  with 
  or 
  without 
  an 
  aro- 
  

   matic 
  chemical, 
  are 
  useful 
  for 
  de- 
  

   termining 
  the 
  periods 
  when 
  the 
  

   moths 
  are 
  abundant 
  in 
  the 
  orch- 
  

   ards. 
  Information 
  obtained 
  from 
  

   traps 
  is 
  of 
  value 
  in 
  timing 
  spray 
  

   applications. 
  The 
  numbers 
  of 
  

   moths 
  caught, 
  however, 
  are 
  not 
  

   great 
  enough 
  to 
  aid 
  materially 
  in 
  

   control. 
  

  

  San 
  Jose 
  Scale 
  

  

  The 
  San 
  Jose 
  scale 
  is 
  capable 
  of 
  

   doing 
  more 
  damage 
  than 
  any 
  other 
  

   insect 
  occurring 
  in 
  the 
  orchards 
  of 
  

   the 
  Pacific 
  Northwest. 
  Besides 
  

   rendering 
  the 
  fruit 
  unmarketable, 
  

   it 
  kills 
  the 
  twigs 
  and 
  limbs, 
  and 
  if 
  

   not 
  controlled 
  it 
  may 
  eventually 
  

   kill 
  the 
  tree 
  or 
  at 
  least 
  so 
  weaken 
  

   it 
  that 
  it 
  is 
  worthless. 
  Actually 
  

   the 
  San 
  Jose 
  scale 
  does 
  little 
  dam- 
  

   age, 
  because 
  control 
  is 
  easy 
  and 
  

   fruit 
  growers 
  generally 
  know 
  the 
  

   danger 
  and 
  keep 
  the 
  scale 
  under 
  

   control. 
  

  

  This 
  insect 
  sucks 
  the 
  plant 
  juices 
  

   from 
  the 
  twigs 
  and 
  larger 
  branches 
  

   and 
  from 
  the 
  fruit 
  and 
  foliage. 
  It 
  

   causes 
  small 
  reddish 
  spots, 
  par- 
  

   ticularly 
  on 
  the 
  fruit, 
  which 
  often 
  

   are 
  the 
  first 
  indication 
  that 
  the 
  

   scale 
  is 
  present 
  (fig. 
  4, 
  A) 
  . 
  The 
  red 
  

   discoloration 
  also 
  occurs 
  on 
  scale- 
  

   infested 
  leaves 
  and 
  in 
  the 
  bark. 
  

  

  It 
  cannot 
  be 
  seen 
  on 
  the 
  surface 
  of 
  

   the 
  bark, 
  but 
  is 
  disclosed 
  by 
  cut- 
  

   ting 
  into 
  infested 
  twigs 
  or 
  limbs. 
  

   The 
  bark 
  has 
  a 
  roughened 
  and 
  

   grayish 
  appearance 
  (fig. 
  4, 
  5) 
  , 
  and 
  

   if 
  it 
  is 
  scraped 
  a 
  yellowish 
  liquid, 
  

   coming 
  from 
  the 
  crushed 
  bodies 
  of 
  

   the 
  insects, 
  appears. 
  Infestations 
  

   are 
  also 
  manifested 
  by 
  dead 
  twigs 
  

   scattered 
  about 
  the 
  tree 
  and 
  by 
  the 
  

   tendency 
  of 
  the 
  leaves 
  on 
  infested 
  

   branches 
  to 
  remain 
  on 
  the 
  trees 
  

   during 
  the 
  winter. 
  In 
  irrigated 
  

   districts, 
  however, 
  apple 
  leaves 
  

   often 
  remain 
  on 
  uninfested 
  trees 
  

   for 
  at 
  least 
  a 
  part 
  of 
  the 
  winter. 
  

  

  Although 
  present 
  methods 
  of 
  

   control 
  are 
  adequate 
  and 
  are 
  keep- 
  

   ing 
  the 
  scale 
  in 
  check, 
  an 
  infesta- 
  

   tion 
  should 
  not 
  be 
  regarded 
  

   lightly. 
  If 
  spraying 
  is 
  neglected, 
  

   the 
  scales 
  can 
  become 
  numerous 
  in 
  

   a 
  suprisingly 
  short 
  time, 
  as 
  a 
  single 
  

   female 
  may 
  produce 
  several 
  mil- 
  

   lion 
  progeny 
  in 
  one 
  season. 
  Laws 
  

   in 
  some 
  States 
  prohibit 
  the 
  mar- 
  

   keting 
  of 
  infested 
  fruit 
  except 
  for 
  

   making 
  byproducts, 
  and 
  quaran- 
  

   tine 
  regulations 
  prohibit 
  the 
  en- 
  

   trance 
  of 
  infested 
  fruit 
  into 
  

   certain 
  foreign 
  countries. 
  

  

  The 
  San 
  Jose 
  scale 
  is 
  present 
  in 
  

   practically 
  all 
  the 
  fruit 
  districts 
  in 
  

   the 
  United 
  States. 
  It 
  does 
  most 
  

   harm 
  to 
  apple 
  and 
  pear 
  trees 
  but 
  

   is 
  at 
  times 
  a 
  serious 
  pest 
  of 
  sweet 
  

   cherry, 
  peach, 
  and 
  prune. 
  It 
  also 
  

   attacks 
  other 
  deciduous 
  fruit 
  trees, 
  

   as 
  w^ell 
  as 
  nut 
  trees, 
  berry 
  bushes, 
  

   and 
  many 
  kinds 
  of 
  shade 
  trees 
  and 
  

   ornamental 
  shrubs, 
  among 
  them 
  

   the 
  mountainash, 
  currant, 
  clog- 
  

   wood, 
  elm, 
  gooseberry, 
  hawthorn, 
  

   lilac, 
  linden, 
  poplar, 
  snowberry, 
  

   willow, 
  and 
  the 
  ornamental 
  flow- 
  

   ering 
  varieties 
  of 
  fruit 
  trees. 
  

   Many 
  of 
  these 
  plants 
  grow 
  in 
  the 
  

   gardens 
  or 
  about 
  the 
  houses 
  in 
  

   fruit-growing 
  districts, 
  and 
  un- 
  

   less 
  they 
  are 
  inspected 
  regularly 
  

   and 
  sprayed, 
  if 
  infested, 
  they 
  may 
  

   be 
  troublesome 
  centers 
  of 
  infesta- 
  

   tion 
  for 
  orchards 
  nearby. 
  

  

  