﻿ORCHARD 
  INSECTS 
  PACIFIC 
  XORTirV\^EST 
  

  

  *^,te:2i»' 
  

  

  Figure 
  4. 
  — 
  San 
  Jose 
  scale: 
  A, 
  Apples 
  spotted 
  by 
  scales; 
  B, 
  bark 
  encrusted 
  with 
  

   scale; 
  C, 
  scales 
  magnified. 
  

  

  LIFE 
  HISTORY 
  

  

  The 
  San 
  Jose 
  scale 
  remains 
  in 
  

   one 
  place 
  during 
  most 
  of 
  its 
  life. 
  

   Almost 
  all 
  stages 
  may 
  be 
  found 
  on 
  

   the 
  trees 
  in 
  the 
  fall, 
  but 
  only 
  those 
  

   that 
  are 
  about 
  half-grown 
  survive 
  

   the 
  winter, 
  and 
  in 
  severe 
  winters 
  

   many 
  of 
  them 
  succumb. 
  Tempera- 
  

   tures 
  of 
  -15° 
  to 
  -20° 
  F. 
  kill 
  ap- 
  

   proximately 
  two-thirds 
  of 
  the 
  

   half 
  -grown 
  scales, 
  and 
  90 
  percent 
  

   or 
  more 
  are 
  killed 
  if 
  the 
  tempera- 
  

   ture 
  gets 
  as 
  low 
  as 
  —25° 
  or 
  —30°. 
  

  

  In 
  the 
  spring 
  the 
  surviving 
  

   scales 
  continue 
  their 
  growth 
  and 
  

   mature 
  in 
  May 
  or 
  June. 
  The 
  males 
  

  

  develop 
  wings 
  and 
  are 
  active, 
  al- 
  

   though 
  they 
  do 
  little 
  flying. 
  The 
  

   females 
  have 
  no 
  wings. 
  They 
  re- 
  

   main 
  where 
  they 
  develop 
  and 
  pro- 
  

   duce 
  several 
  hundred 
  very 
  small, 
  

   louselike, 
  yellowish, 
  active 
  young. 
  

   These 
  young 
  insects 
  crawl 
  consid- 
  

   erable 
  distances 
  during 
  the 
  first 
  

   few 
  hours 
  of 
  their 
  lives, 
  and 
  

   spread 
  about 
  at 
  that 
  time. 
  Often 
  

   they 
  are 
  carried 
  to 
  other 
  trees 
  by 
  

   the 
  wind, 
  on 
  the 
  feet 
  of 
  birds, 
  on 
  

   the 
  clothing 
  of 
  men 
  working 
  in 
  the 
  

   orchards, 
  or 
  on 
  horses 
  or 
  farm 
  im- 
  

   plements. 
  Ordinarily 
  tlie}^ 
  settle 
  

   down 
  within 
  a 
  few 
  hours 
  on 
  the 
  

   bark 
  or 
  on 
  leaves 
  or 
  fruit, 
  insert 
  

  

  