﻿8 
  

  

  CIRCULAR 
  2 
  70, 
  U. 
  S. 
  DEPARTMENT 
  OF 
  AGRICULTURE 
  

  

  apple 
  trees. 
  This 
  scale 
  is 
  pri- 
  

   marily 
  a 
  pest 
  of 
  maple 
  trees 
  (fig. 
  

   T) 
  , 
  but 
  it 
  also 
  lives 
  on 
  grape, 
  apri- 
  

   cot, 
  boxelcler, 
  blackberry, 
  and 
  vari- 
  

   ous 
  other 
  plants. 
  It 
  is 
  a 
  native 
  of 
  

   Europe, 
  and 
  came 
  to 
  the 
  United 
  

   States 
  over 
  100 
  years 
  ago. 
  

  

  Figure 
  7. 
  — 
  Cottony 
  maple 
  scales 
  on 
  a 
  

   maple 
  twig. 
  Enlarged. 
  

  

  The 
  insect 
  is 
  easily 
  recognized 
  

   by 
  the 
  cottony 
  egg 
  sac 
  the 
  female 
  

   produces 
  early 
  in 
  the 
  summer. 
  

   About 
  3,000 
  eggs 
  are 
  laid 
  in 
  this 
  

   sac, 
  and 
  they 
  hatch 
  during 
  June 
  

   and 
  July. 
  The 
  young 
  scales 
  settle 
  

   on 
  the 
  undersides 
  of 
  the 
  leaves, 
  

   where 
  the 
  male 
  insects 
  mature. 
  

   The 
  partly 
  grown 
  females, 
  which 
  

   are 
  oval, 
  flattened, 
  and 
  greenish 
  or 
  

   yellowish, 
  migrate 
  to 
  the 
  twigs 
  in 
  

   the 
  fall 
  and 
  hibernate 
  there. 
  They 
  

   complete 
  their 
  growth 
  in 
  the 
  

   spring. 
  At 
  this 
  time 
  they 
  are 
  

   brown, 
  convex, 
  and 
  about 
  one- 
  

   eighth 
  inch 
  in 
  diameter. 
  The 
  egg 
  

   sac 
  is 
  formed 
  gradually, 
  as 
  the 
  eggs 
  

   are 
  laid, 
  and 
  the 
  females 
  die 
  when 
  

   oviposition 
  is 
  complete. 
  There 
  is 
  

   only 
  one 
  generation 
  in 
  a 
  year. 
  

  

  Applications 
  of 
  oil 
  emulsion 
  or 
  

   liquid 
  lime-sulfur 
  during 
  the 
  dor- 
  

  

  mant 
  season, 
  as 
  recommended 
  for 
  

   the 
  San 
  Jose 
  scale, 
  control 
  this 
  in- 
  

   sect 
  very 
  well. 
  In 
  July, 
  after 
  the 
  

   young 
  have 
  settled 
  on 
  the 
  leaves, 
  

   they 
  may 
  be 
  killed 
  with 
  nicotine 
  

   sulfate, 
  three-fourths 
  pint 
  to 
  100 
  

   gallons 
  of 
  water, 
  to 
  which 
  is 
  added 
  

   2 
  or 
  3 
  pounds 
  of 
  soap 
  dissolved 
  in 
  

   Avater 
  or 
  1 
  pound 
  of 
  casern 
  

   spreader. 
  

  

  Fruit 
  Tree 
  Leaf 
  Roller 
  

  

  The 
  fruit 
  tree 
  leaf 
  roller 
  feeds 
  

   primarily 
  on 
  the 
  fruit 
  and 
  foliage 
  

   of 
  the 
  apple, 
  but 
  also 
  on 
  those 
  of 
  

   most 
  of 
  the 
  other 
  deciduous 
  fruit 
  

   trees. 
  The 
  small 
  caterpillars, 
  

   hatching 
  when 
  the 
  buds 
  begin 
  to 
  

   open, 
  feed 
  on 
  the 
  unfolding 
  leaves, 
  

   webbing 
  them 
  together 
  and 
  form- 
  

   ing 
  a 
  protection 
  for 
  themselves 
  

   (fig. 
  8). 
  This 
  webbing 
  often 
  

  

  Figure 
  8. 
  — 
  Apple 
  foliage 
  showing 
  injury 
  

   by 
  leaf 
  rollers. 
  

  

  covers 
  the 
  blossom 
  buds, 
  prevent- 
  

   ing 
  normal 
  blooming. 
  As 
  the 
  cat- 
  

   erpillars 
  become 
  larger, 
  they 
  roll 
  

   up 
  one 
  or 
  more 
  large 
  leaves 
  and 
  in- 
  

   clude 
  some 
  of 
  " 
  the 
  fruit 
  in 
  the 
  

  

  