﻿ORCHARD 
  INSECTS 
  PACIFIC 
  NORTHWEST 
  

  

  31 
  

  

  migrate 
  to 
  water 
  cress, 
  pepper- 
  

   grass, 
  and 
  other 
  plants 
  of 
  the 
  

   mustard 
  family. 
  A 
  later 
  genera- 
  

   tion 
  returns 
  to 
  the 
  cherry 
  in 
  the 
  

   fall 
  and 
  produces 
  wingless 
  indi- 
  

   viduals, 
  which 
  lay 
  the 
  overwinter- 
  

   ing 
  eggs. 
  

  

  CONTROL 
  

  

  Very 
  good 
  control 
  may 
  be 
  ob- 
  

   tained 
  by 
  spraying 
  just 
  as 
  the 
  

   buds 
  are 
  breaking. 
  Spraying 
  

   after 
  the 
  leaves 
  are 
  curled 
  is 
  of 
  

   little 
  use. 
  Nicotine 
  sulfate 
  may 
  

   be 
  used 
  at 
  three-fourths 
  pint 
  to 
  

   100 
  gallons 
  of 
  water, 
  with 
  soap 
  or 
  

   casein 
  spreader, 
  or 
  added 
  to 
  dor- 
  

   mant 
  sprays 
  of 
  lime-sulfur 
  or 
  oil. 
  

   Parathion 
  is 
  also 
  very 
  effective, 
  

   but 
  should 
  not 
  be 
  added 
  to 
  oil. 
  

   (See 
  Caution, 
  p. 
  69.) 
  

  

  Orchard 
  Mites 
  

  

  On 
  cherry 
  trees 
  the 
  Willamette 
  

   mite 
  and 
  the 
  Pacific 
  mite 
  are 
  

   usually 
  more 
  injurious 
  than 
  other 
  

   species. 
  They 
  hibernate 
  beneath 
  

   the 
  fallen 
  leaves 
  or 
  in 
  other 
  trash 
  

   and 
  migrate 
  into 
  the 
  trees 
  in 
  the 
  

   spring 
  as 
  soon 
  as 
  the 
  new 
  leaves 
  

   have 
  appeared. 
  They 
  are 
  not 
  of- 
  

   ten 
  seen 
  before 
  June 
  and 
  do 
  their 
  

   most 
  serious 
  injury 
  after 
  the 
  fruit 
  

   has 
  been 
  picked. 
  Cherry 
  trees 
  are 
  

   frequently 
  neglected 
  at 
  this 
  time 
  

   and 
  allowed 
  to 
  become 
  dry; 
  this 
  

   condition 
  aggravates 
  the 
  injury 
  

   caused 
  by 
  the 
  mites 
  and 
  may 
  ma- 
  

   terially 
  reduce 
  the 
  succeeding 
  

   year's 
  crop 
  b}^ 
  weakening 
  the 
  fruit 
  

   buds. 
  If 
  cherry 
  trees 
  have 
  a 
  dry 
  

   and 
  dusty 
  appearance 
  late 
  in 
  the 
  

   summer, 
  it 
  may 
  be 
  suspected 
  that 
  

   mites 
  are 
  on 
  the 
  trees. 
  Closer 
  ex- 
  

   amination 
  will 
  reveal 
  the 
  webbing, 
  

   in 
  which 
  the 
  small 
  greenish 
  or 
  yel- 
  

   lowish 
  mites 
  are 
  running 
  about. 
  

   More 
  complete 
  descriptions 
  of 
  

   these 
  and 
  other 
  mites 
  will 
  be 
  found 
  

   on 
  page 
  10. 
  

  

  CONTROL 
  

  

  Since 
  no 
  stage 
  of 
  the 
  web-spin- 
  

   nino^ 
  mites 
  is 
  on 
  the 
  trees 
  durino: 
  

  

  the 
  winter, 
  dormant-season 
  sprays 
  

   are 
  of 
  no 
  value. 
  In 
  the 
  coastal 
  val- 
  

   leys, 
  where 
  control 
  of 
  the 
  brown 
  

   rot 
  is 
  often 
  necessary, 
  the 
  sulfur 
  

   sprays 
  used 
  for 
  this 
  purpose 
  

   should 
  also 
  be 
  adequate 
  for 
  keep- 
  

   ing 
  the 
  mites 
  in 
  check. 
  Otherwise 
  

   it 
  is 
  better 
  to 
  delay 
  the 
  spraying 
  

   until 
  after 
  the 
  fruit 
  has 
  been 
  

   picked 
  and 
  then 
  to 
  spray 
  the 
  trees 
  

   thoroughly 
  with 
  1% 
  gallons 
  of 
  oil 
  

   emulsion. 
  2 
  gallons 
  of 
  liquid 
  lime- 
  

   sulfur, 
  or 
  3 
  to 
  5 
  pounds 
  of 
  colloidal 
  

   sulfur, 
  to 
  100 
  gallons 
  of 
  water 
  ; 
  or 
  

   Avith 
  one 
  of 
  the 
  organic 
  insecti- 
  

   cides 
  suggested 
  on 
  page 
  13. 
  If 
  

   the 
  brown 
  mite 
  is 
  present, 
  it 
  may 
  

   be 
  controlled 
  with 
  a 
  dormant-sea- 
  

   son 
  spray 
  containing 
  3 
  or 
  4 
  per- 
  

   cent 
  of 
  oil 
  emulsion, 
  as 
  used 
  for 
  

   scale 
  insects, 
  or 
  with 
  one 
  of 
  the 
  

   summer 
  sprays 
  just 
  mentioned. 
  

  

  Cherry 
  Fruit 
  Fly 
  

  

  The 
  maggots 
  of 
  the 
  cherry 
  fruit 
  

   fly 
  are 
  injurious 
  to 
  cherries 
  in 
  Ore- 
  

   gon 
  and 
  in 
  parts 
  of 
  Washington, 
  

   Idaho, 
  and 
  Montana. 
  The 
  injury 
  

   is 
  especially 
  severe 
  in 
  years 
  when 
  

   the 
  cherry 
  crop 
  matures 
  late, 
  as 
  a 
  

   late 
  season 
  apparently 
  delays 
  the 
  

   fruit 
  more 
  than 
  it 
  delays 
  the 
  flies, 
  

   and 
  gives 
  them 
  the 
  opportunity 
  to 
  

   infest 
  the 
  main 
  crop 
  of 
  cherries. 
  

   In 
  normal 
  years 
  the 
  maggots 
  live 
  

   chiefly 
  in 
  seedlings 
  and 
  late 
  varie- 
  

   ties. 
  

  

  The 
  young 
  maggots 
  begin 
  to 
  

   feed 
  about 
  the 
  cherry 
  pit, 
  and 
  the 
  

   flesh 
  of 
  an 
  infested 
  cherry 
  may 
  be 
  

   separated 
  from 
  the 
  pit 
  very 
  easily. 
  

   This 
  feeding 
  may 
  be 
  done 
  before 
  

   there 
  are 
  any 
  outward 
  signs 
  of 
  in- 
  

   festation, 
  and 
  often 
  before 
  the 
  

   maggots 
  are 
  large 
  enough 
  to 
  be 
  

   seen 
  easily. 
  Later 
  the 
  cheriw 
  be- 
  

   gins 
  to 
  shrivel 
  on 
  one 
  side, 
  the 
  flesh 
  

   is 
  more 
  or 
  less 
  decayed, 
  and 
  small 
  

   holes 
  appear 
  in 
  the 
  skin. 
  At 
  this 
  

   stage 
  the 
  white, 
  nearly 
  full-grown 
  

   maggot 
  may 
  readily 
  be 
  found 
  in 
  

   the 
  fruit 
  : 
  usually 
  there 
  is 
  only 
  one, 
  

   but 
  sometimes 
  two 
  or 
  more. 
  

  

  