﻿ORCHARD 
  IXSECTS 
  PACIFIC 
  XORTHWEST 
  

  

  35 
  

  

  warm 
  weather 
  if 
  the 
  trees 
  are 
  

   shaken 
  or 
  sprayed. 
  Eggs 
  are 
  

   simply 
  dropped 
  to 
  the 
  ground, 
  

   where 
  they 
  are 
  difficult 
  to 
  find 
  be- 
  

   cause 
  of 
  their 
  small 
  size. 
  The 
  eggs 
  

   hatch 
  in 
  2 
  or 
  3 
  weeks, 
  usually 
  just 
  

   after 
  a 
  rain 
  or 
  in 
  damp 
  weather, 
  as 
  

   the 
  young 
  grubs 
  find 
  it 
  difficult 
  to 
  

   survive 
  in 
  dry 
  soil. 
  The 
  grubs 
  

   burrow 
  into 
  the 
  ground, 
  where 
  

   they 
  feed 
  on 
  the 
  fine 
  fibrous 
  roots 
  

   of 
  the 
  trees 
  and 
  do 
  a 
  certain 
  

   amount 
  of 
  damage. 
  Feeding 
  con- 
  

   tinues 
  throughout 
  the 
  summer 
  and 
  

   fall. 
  The 
  grubs 
  remain 
  in 
  the 
  soil 
  

   during 
  the 
  winter, 
  forming 
  small 
  

   cells 
  early 
  in 
  the 
  spring. 
  Within 
  

   these 
  cells 
  they 
  change 
  to 
  pupae 
  

   and 
  then 
  to 
  beetles. 
  

  

  CONTROL 
  

  

  The 
  injury 
  caused 
  by 
  these 
  

   beetles 
  may 
  be 
  greatly 
  reduced 
  by 
  

   spraying 
  the 
  trees 
  twice 
  thor- 
  

   oughly 
  with 
  lead 
  arsenate 
  at 
  the 
  

   rate 
  of 
  4 
  pounds 
  to 
  100 
  gallons 
  of 
  

   water, 
  to 
  which 
  is 
  added 
  4 
  pounds 
  

   of 
  hydrated 
  lime. 
  A 
  dust 
  contain- 
  

   ing 
  30 
  percent 
  of 
  lead 
  arsenate 
  or 
  

   5 
  percent 
  of 
  DDT 
  may 
  be 
  used 
  

   instead. 
  The 
  first 
  application 
  

   should 
  be 
  made 
  just 
  before 
  the 
  

   blossoms 
  open, 
  that 
  is, 
  when 
  the 
  

   tips 
  of 
  the 
  white 
  petals 
  are 
  begin- 
  

   ning 
  to 
  show, 
  and 
  the 
  second 
  just 
  

   after 
  the 
  petals 
  have 
  dropped. 
  In 
  

   severe 
  infestations 
  a 
  third 
  applica- 
  

   tion 
  may 
  be 
  made 
  as 
  soon 
  as 
  the 
  

   husks 
  have 
  fallen. 
  The 
  applica- 
  

   tion 
  made 
  just 
  after 
  blooming 
  is 
  

   the 
  most 
  effective 
  of 
  the 
  three, 
  and 
  

   if 
  the 
  trees 
  are 
  sprayed 
  only 
  once, 
  

   the 
  spraying 
  should 
  be 
  done 
  at 
  that 
  

   time. 
  A 
  fungicide 
  for 
  controlling- 
  

   brown 
  rot 
  may 
  be 
  used 
  with 
  any 
  of 
  

   these 
  sprays. 
  

  

  Shot-Hole 
  Borers 
  

  

  Cherry 
  trees 
  are 
  sometimes 
  at- 
  

   tacked 
  by 
  one 
  of 
  the 
  shot-hole 
  

   borers 
  which 
  make 
  small 
  round 
  

   holes 
  in 
  the 
  trunks 
  or 
  small 
  limbs. 
  

   At 
  times 
  these 
  insects 
  attack 
  

  

  healthy 
  trees, 
  boring 
  into 
  the 
  twigs 
  

   just 
  beneath 
  the 
  buds 
  and 
  killing 
  

   the 
  buds. 
  For 
  more 
  information 
  

   on 
  these 
  insects 
  and 
  their 
  habits, 
  

   and 
  for 
  methods 
  of 
  preventing 
  

   their 
  attacks, 
  see 
  page 
  51. 
  

  

  Pear 
  Thrips 
  

  

  The 
  pear 
  thrips 
  is 
  sometimes 
  in- 
  

   jurious 
  to 
  cherries 
  in 
  western 
  and 
  

   northeastern 
  Oregon 
  and 
  in 
  west- 
  

   ern 
  and 
  southeastern 
  Washington. 
  

   Its 
  habits 
  and 
  control 
  on 
  cherry 
  

   trees 
  are 
  much 
  the 
  same 
  as 
  on 
  

   prune 
  trees 
  (p. 
  39). 
  

  

  PRUNE 
  AND 
  PLUxM 
  INSECTS 
  

   San 
  Jose 
  Scale 
  

  

  The 
  San 
  Jose 
  scale 
  is 
  an 
  impor- 
  

   tant 
  pest 
  of 
  prune 
  and 
  plum 
  trees. 
  

   For 
  a 
  description 
  of 
  this 
  insect 
  and 
  

   treatment 
  see 
  pages 
  4 
  to 
  6. 
  

  

  European 
  Fruit 
  Lecanium 
  

  

  The 
  European 
  fruit 
  lecanium, 
  

   also 
  called 
  brown 
  apricot 
  scale, 
  

   occasionally 
  appears 
  in 
  the 
  irri- 
  

  

  Figure 
  42. 
  — 
  European 
  fruit 
  lecanium. 
  

  

  gated 
  valleys. 
  It 
  is 
  a 
  large, 
  hemi- 
  

   spherical, 
  more 
  or 
  less 
  wrinkled, 
  

   brown, 
  scale 
  insect 
  (fig. 
  42) 
  occur- 
  

   ring 
  on 
  the 
  twigs 
  and 
  limbs 
  of 
  

  

  