﻿ORCHARD 
  INSECTS 
  PACIFIC 
  XORTHTV^EST 
  

  

  53 
  

  

  the 
  tips 
  of 
  its 
  forewings. 
  Eggs 
  

   are 
  laid 
  on 
  the 
  leaves 
  near 
  the 
  nuts, 
  

   or 
  on 
  the 
  husks, 
  and 
  the 
  young 
  

   worms 
  enter 
  the 
  nuts 
  at 
  the 
  base. 
  

   They 
  mature 
  after 
  feeding 
  for 
  3 
  

   or 
  4 
  weeks 
  and 
  leave 
  the 
  nuts 
  to 
  

   overwinter 
  in 
  cocoons 
  formed 
  in 
  

   the 
  ground, 
  in 
  trash, 
  or 
  in 
  dried 
  

   or 
  rolled 
  leaves 
  on 
  the 
  ground. 
  

   Pupation 
  occurs 
  from 
  early 
  in 
  

   May 
  through 
  August. 
  

  

  The 
  best 
  control 
  has 
  been 
  ob- 
  

   tained 
  by 
  spraying 
  with 
  lead 
  ar- 
  

   senate, 
  at 
  the 
  rate 
  of 
  3 
  pounds 
  to 
  

   100 
  gallons 
  of 
  water, 
  just 
  before 
  

   the 
  young 
  worms 
  enter 
  the 
  nuts. 
  

  

  Walnut 
  Aphid 
  

  

  The 
  walnut 
  aphid 
  is 
  the 
  only 
  im- 
  

   portant 
  insect 
  pest 
  of 
  walnut 
  trees 
  

   in 
  the 
  Pacific 
  Northwest. 
  It 
  is 
  a 
  

   small 
  pale-yellow, 
  wingless 
  or 
  

   winged 
  insect 
  found 
  on 
  the 
  under- 
  

   side 
  of 
  the 
  leaves, 
  often 
  in 
  con- 
  

   siderable 
  numbers. 
  These 
  aphids 
  

   secrete 
  a 
  sticky 
  liquid 
  known 
  as 
  

   honeydew, 
  which 
  covers 
  the 
  leaves 
  

   and 
  nuts, 
  and 
  in 
  which 
  a 
  black 
  

   fungus 
  grows. 
  Syrphid 
  flies, 
  

   ladybeetles, 
  and 
  other 
  natural 
  ene- 
  

   mies 
  of 
  aphids 
  (p. 
  53) 
  usually 
  keep 
  

   this 
  pest 
  in 
  check 
  so 
  that 
  artificial 
  

   control 
  is 
  unnecessary. 
  If 
  these 
  

   beneficial 
  insects 
  fail, 
  the 
  aphid 
  

   may 
  be 
  combated 
  with 
  nicotine 
  

   sulfate, 
  % 
  pint 
  to 
  100 
  gallons 
  of 
  

   water, 
  to 
  which 
  is 
  added 
  soap 
  or 
  

   spreader, 
  or 
  with 
  a 
  2-percent 
  nico- 
  

   tine 
  dust 
  prepared 
  from 
  2i/^ 
  

   pounds 
  of 
  nicotine 
  sulfate 
  to 
  47% 
  

   pounds 
  of 
  hydrated 
  lime. 
  (See 
  

   Caution, 
  p. 
  60.) 
  

  

  BENEFICIAL 
  INSECTS 
  

  

  Not 
  all 
  the 
  insects 
  found 
  in 
  an 
  

   orchard 
  are 
  harmful. 
  Many 
  are 
  

   of 
  no 
  importance 
  because 
  they 
  are 
  

   not 
  sufficiently 
  numerous 
  or 
  are 
  

   not 
  injuring 
  the 
  trees 
  or 
  the 
  cover 
  

   crop. 
  Many 
  others 
  are 
  beneficial 
  

   because 
  they 
  feed 
  on 
  some 
  of 
  the 
  

   insects 
  that 
  are 
  harmful 
  to 
  the 
  

   crops. 
  The 
  most 
  conspicuous 
  

  

  beneficial 
  insects 
  and 
  the 
  ones 
  

   most 
  often 
  seen 
  in 
  an 
  orchard 
  are 
  

   those 
  that 
  prey 
  on 
  aphids. 
  These 
  

   insects 
  kill 
  the 
  greatest 
  number 
  of 
  

   aphids 
  during 
  warm 
  weather. 
  

  

  Ladybeetles 
  are 
  nearly 
  always 
  

   abundant 
  in 
  orchards. 
  Both 
  the 
  

   adults 
  and 
  young 
  feed 
  on 
  aphids 
  

   on 
  the 
  trees 
  or 
  in 
  the 
  cover 
  crops. 
  

   There 
  are 
  many 
  species, 
  one 
  of 
  the 
  

   commonest 
  being 
  the 
  convergent 
  

   ladybeetle 
  (fig. 
  64), 
  a 
  red 
  beetle 
  

  

  Figure 
  64. 
  — 
  Convergent 
  ladybeetle: 
  A, 
  

   Adult; 
  B, 
  pupa; 
  C, 
  larva. 
  Enlarged. 
  

  

  with 
  black 
  head 
  and 
  black 
  spots 
  on 
  

   the 
  back. 
  Some 
  species 
  are 
  plain 
  

   red 
  and 
  others 
  are 
  black 
  with 
  two 
  

   or 
  more 
  red 
  spots. 
  There 
  are 
  also 
  

   small 
  black 
  ladybeetles 
  {Stethorus 
  

   picipes 
  Casey) 
  (fig. 
  65) 
  that 
  feed 
  

  

  Figure 
  65. 
  — 
  A 
  ladybeetle. 
  Enlarged. 
  

  

  chiefly 
  on 
  orchard 
  mites 
  and 
  scale 
  

   insects. 
  Most 
  of 
  these 
  species 
  lay 
  

   yellow 
  or 
  orange-colored, 
  cigar- 
  

   shaped 
  eggs, 
  which 
  stand 
  on 
  end 
  in 
  

   clusters. 
  The 
  larvae 
  are 
  usually 
  

  

  