﻿ORCHARD 
  INSECTS 
  PACIFIC 
  NORTHWEST 
  

  

  59 
  

  

  Caution. 
  — 
  Parathion 
  is 
  highly 
  toxic 
  to 
  

   human 
  beings. 
  It 
  is 
  extremely 
  hazardous 
  

   if 
  swallowed, 
  inhaled, 
  or 
  absorbed 
  

   through 
  the 
  skin. 
  Do 
  not 
  use 
  it 
  unless 
  

   you 
  are 
  willing 
  to 
  continuously 
  observe 
  

   the 
  recommended 
  cautions. 
  Handle 
  it 
  

   with 
  great 
  care 
  and 
  only 
  in 
  the 
  open 
  air 
  

   or 
  in 
  well-ventilated 
  rooms. 
  Avoid 
  

   breathing 
  in 
  the 
  wettable 
  powder 
  while 
  

   opening 
  the 
  bags 
  or 
  putting 
  it 
  into 
  the 
  

   spray 
  tank. 
  Avoid 
  exposure 
  to 
  spray 
  

   drift 
  or 
  dust 
  clouds; 
  wear 
  protective 
  cloth- 
  

   ing 
  if 
  so 
  exposed. 
  Wear 
  a 
  respirator 
  of 
  a 
  

   t>pe 
  which 
  has 
  been 
  tested 
  in 
  the 
  Depart- 
  

   ment 
  of 
  Agriculture 
  while 
  handling 
  the 
  

   wettable 
  powder 
  and 
  during 
  spraying 
  

   and 
  dusting 
  operations. 
  Never 
  handle 
  

   parathion 
  spray 
  and 
  dust 
  formulations 
  

   with 
  the 
  bare 
  hands. 
  Wash 
  the 
  hands, 
  

   arms, 
  and 
  face 
  thoroughly 
  with 
  soap 
  and 
  

   water 
  after 
  handling 
  parathion 
  and 
  

   before 
  eating 
  or 
  smoking. 
  Change 
  the 
  

   clothes 
  and 
  bathe 
  at 
  the 
  end 
  of 
  work. 
  

  

  In 
  case, 
  through 
  an 
  accident, 
  

   parathion 
  spray 
  materials 
  strike 
  

   the 
  face 
  or 
  arms 
  or 
  the 
  clothing 
  

   becomes 
  wet 
  with 
  it, 
  remove 
  the 
  

   clothing 
  immediately 
  and 
  wash 
  

   thoroughly 
  the 
  exposed 
  parts. 
  

  

  If 
  headache, 
  blurred 
  vision, 
  

   weakness, 
  nausea, 
  cramps, 
  diar- 
  

   rhea, 
  or 
  discomfort 
  in 
  the 
  chest 
  

   develop 
  while 
  working 
  with 
  para- 
  

   thion, 
  or 
  in 
  or 
  about 
  parathion- 
  

   sprayed 
  trees, 
  stop 
  work 
  immedi- 
  

   ately, 
  change 
  the 
  clothes 
  and 
  

   bathe. 
  If 
  the 
  illness 
  persists, 
  call 
  

   your 
  doctor. 
  Atropine 
  in 
  thera- 
  

   peutic 
  doses 
  is 
  of 
  value 
  in 
  relieving 
  

   acute 
  symptoms 
  of 
  poisoning 
  from 
  

   this 
  insecticide. 
  Morphine 
  should 
  

   never 
  be 
  given. 
  

  

  Tetraethyl 
  Pyrophosphate 
  

  

  Tetraethyl 
  pryophosphate 
  has 
  

   uses 
  similar 
  to 
  parathion 
  but 
  is 
  not 
  

   so 
  lasting 
  and 
  therefore 
  may 
  have 
  

   to 
  be 
  applied 
  more 
  often. 
  It 
  

   sometimes 
  is 
  useful 
  as 
  an 
  emer- 
  

   gency 
  treatment 
  put 
  on 
  shortly 
  be- 
  

   fore 
  the 
  fruit 
  is 
  harvested. 
  It 
  

   comes 
  in 
  both 
  liquid 
  and 
  dust 
  

   forms. 
  Like 
  parathion, 
  this 
  mate- 
  

   rial 
  is 
  extremely 
  toxic 
  to 
  man 
  and 
  

   animals 
  and 
  must 
  be 
  handled 
  with 
  

   extreme 
  care. 
  

  

  Mineral 
  Oils 
  

  

  Mineral 
  oils 
  are 
  useful 
  for 
  con- 
  

   trolling 
  scale 
  insects 
  and 
  other 
  

   pests 
  when 
  the 
  trees 
  are 
  dormant. 
  

   They 
  are 
  customarily 
  employed 
  in 
  

   emulsions 
  containing 
  3 
  or 
  4 
  per- 
  

   cent 
  of 
  oil, 
  or 
  at 
  the 
  rate 
  of 
  1 
  or 
  

   2 
  percent 
  of 
  oil 
  combined 
  with 
  

   lime-sulfur. 
  The 
  oil 
  should 
  have 
  

   a 
  viscosity 
  of 
  100 
  to 
  120 
  seconds 
  

   Say 
  bolt, 
  and 
  an 
  unsulfonated 
  

   residue 
  of 
  50 
  to 
  70 
  percent. 
  The 
  

   use 
  of 
  oil 
  sprays 
  during 
  the 
  sum- 
  

   mer 
  has 
  been 
  almost 
  entirely 
  

   supplanted 
  by 
  various 
  organic 
  

   insecticides. 
  

  

  Lead 
  Arsenate 
  

  

  Lead 
  arsenate 
  has 
  been 
  almost 
  

   entirely 
  supplanted 
  by 
  DDT 
  and 
  

   other 
  organic 
  materials, 
  but 
  it 
  

   still 
  finds 
  some 
  use 
  as 
  a 
  stomach 
  

   poison 
  for 
  controlling 
  fruit 
  in- 
  

   sects. 
  It 
  comes 
  as 
  a 
  powder. 
  The 
  

   acid 
  lead 
  arsenate 
  is 
  used 
  on 
  

   apples 
  and 
  pears, 
  but 
  the 
  basic 
  

   form 
  is 
  preferred 
  for 
  stone 
  fruits, 
  

   as 
  there 
  is 
  less 
  danger 
  of 
  injury. 
  

   In 
  this 
  circular, 
  unless 
  the 
  basic 
  

   form 
  is 
  specified, 
  the 
  acid 
  form 
  is 
  

   meant. 
  

  

  Caution. 
  — 
  Lead 
  arsenate 
  is 
  very 
  poison- 
  

   ous. 
  The 
  general 
  cautions 
  on 
  the 
  storage 
  

   and 
  use 
  of 
  such 
  materials 
  should 
  be 
  

   followed. 
  

  

  Cryolite 
  

  

  Cryolite 
  (sodium 
  fluoalumi- 
  

   nate) 
  may 
  be 
  used 
  in 
  place 
  of 
  lead 
  

   arsenate 
  for 
  spraying 
  apples 
  and 
  

   pears 
  in 
  the 
  Northwest. 
  Lime- 
  

   sulfur 
  or 
  other 
  materials 
  of 
  high 
  

   lime 
  content 
  should 
  not 
  be 
  mixed 
  

   with 
  cryolite. 
  

  

  Lime-Sulfur 
  

  

  Liquid 
  lime-sulfur 
  will 
  control 
  

   certain 
  insect 
  pests 
  and 
  fungus 
  

   diseases 
  of 
  fruit 
  trees. 
  It 
  may 
  be 
  

   used 
  as 
  a 
  dormant 
  spray 
  and 
  also, 
  

   in 
  a 
  more 
  dilute 
  form, 
  as 
  a 
  summer 
  

   spray. 
  In 
  the 
  latter 
  case 
  it 
  is 
  

  

  