﻿60 
  CIRCULAR 
  2 
  70, 
  U. 
  S. 
  DEPARTMENT 
  OF 
  AGRICULTURE 
  

  

  Table 
  1. 
  — 
  Dilution 
  of 
  liquid 
  lime-sulfur 
  for 
  various 
  strengths 
  of 
  spray 
  

  

  Strength 
  of 
  liquid 
  

   lime-sulfur 
  

  

  Quantity 
  i 
  to 
  make 
  100 
  gallons 
  of 
  spray 
  

  

  

  Specific 
  

   gravity 
  

  

  Dormant 
  strength 
  

  

  Early 
  spring 
  

  

  strength 
  for 
  

  

  scab 
  and 
  

  

  red 
  spider 
  

  

  (iy2° 
  

  

  Baume) 
  

  

  Spring 
  or 
  

  

  Hydrometer 
  scale 
  

   (° 
  Baume) 
  

  

  For 
  

  

  scales 
  

  

  (4^2° 
  

  

  Baume) 
  

  

  For 
  blister 
  

   mite 
  and 
  

   twig 
  borer 
  

  

  (3/2° 
  

  

  Baume) 
  

  

  summer 
  

  

  strength 
  for 
  

  

  mildew 
  and 
  

  

  red 
  spider 
  

  

  (1° 
  Baume) 
  

  

  36 
  

  

  L330 
  

   1. 
  306 
  

   1. 
  295 
  

   1.283 
  

   1.272 
  

   1. 
  261 
  

   1. 
  250 
  

   1. 
  239 
  

   1.218 
  

   1. 
  198 
  

   1. 
  179 
  

   1. 
  160 
  

  

  Gallons 
  

   91/2 
  

   10 
  

  

  ioy2 
  

   11 
  

  

  im 
  

  

  iiy2 
  

   12 
  

   i2y2 
  

   i3y2 
  

  

  14% 
  

  

  i6y2 
  

  

  183/4 
  

  

  Gallons 
  

  

  7 
  

  

  7y2 
  

   7/4 
  

  

  8 
  

  

  8/4 
  

  

  ■8y2 
  

   9 
  

  

  9/ 
  

   10 
  

   11 
  

   i2y2 
  

  

  14 
  

  

  Gallons 
  

  

  2% 
  

  

  3 
  

  

  3 
  

  

  3 
  

  

  3 
  

  

  3/4 
  

  

  3/4 
  

   3V2 
  

  

  3/4 
  

   4/4 
  

  

  4/2 
  

  

  5 
  

  

  Gallons 
  

  

  1% 
  

   1% 
  

   2 
  

  

  34 
  

  

  33 
  - 
  - 
  

  

  32 
  

  

  2 
  

  

  31 
  

  

  2 
  

  

  30 
  

  

  2 
  

  

  29 
  

  

  2/ 
  

  

  28 
  

  

  2/ 
  

  

  26 
  

  

  2/ 
  

  

  24 
  

  

  2/4 
  

   3 
  

  

  22 
  

  

  20 
  

  

  3y2 
  

  

  

  

  All 
  quantities 
  expressed 
  in 
  nearest 
  quarter 
  gallon. 
  

  

  valuable 
  chiefly 
  as 
  a 
  fungicide. 
  

   The 
  strength 
  of 
  the 
  commercial 
  

   product 
  varies, 
  and 
  should 
  be 
  

   ascertained 
  from 
  the 
  manufac- 
  

   turer 
  or 
  by 
  means 
  of 
  the 
  Baume 
  

   or 
  specific-gravity 
  scale 
  on 
  a 
  lime- 
  

   sulfur 
  hydrometer. 
  The 
  quanti- 
  

   ties 
  required 
  to 
  make 
  100 
  gallons 
  

   of 
  spray 
  for 
  various 
  purposes 
  are 
  

   shown 
  in 
  table 
  1. 
  Dry 
  lime-sul- 
  

   fur 
  is 
  sometimes 
  used 
  to 
  avoid 
  

   transporting 
  the 
  heavier 
  liquid 
  

   material, 
  but 
  is 
  less 
  effective 
  

   against 
  the 
  San 
  Jose 
  scale. 
  

  

  Nicotine 
  

  

  Nicotine 
  is 
  an 
  effective 
  insecti- 
  

   cide 
  for 
  sucking 
  insects, 
  as 
  it 
  not 
  

   only 
  destroys 
  insects 
  by 
  coming 
  in 
  

   direct 
  contact 
  with 
  them 
  but 
  also 
  

   acts 
  as 
  a 
  fumigant 
  in 
  hot 
  weather, 
  

   killing 
  insects 
  that 
  do 
  not 
  contact 
  

   the 
  spray. 
  This 
  fumigating 
  action 
  

   is 
  undoubtedly 
  limited 
  to 
  a 
  short 
  

   distance, 
  possibly 
  only 
  a 
  fraction 
  

  

  of 
  an 
  inch. 
  For 
  this 
  reason 
  it 
  is 
  

   advisable 
  to 
  spray 
  with 
  nicotine 
  

   on 
  calm 
  days 
  when 
  the 
  tempera- 
  

   ture 
  is 
  above 
  80° 
  F., 
  if 
  possible. 
  

   Nicotine 
  is 
  sold 
  in 
  the 
  form 
  of 
  free 
  

   nicotine 
  and 
  also 
  as 
  nicotine 
  sul- 
  

   fate 
  (40 
  percent 
  nicotine), 
  the 
  lat- 
  

   ter 
  being 
  used 
  chiefly 
  for 
  orchard 
  

   spraying. 
  The 
  dilution 
  is 
  usually 
  

   34 
  to 
  1 
  pint 
  to 
  100 
  gallons. 
  If 
  

   nicotine 
  sulfate 
  is 
  used 
  alone, 
  2 
  

   or 
  3 
  pounds 
  of 
  soap 
  dissolved 
  in 
  

   water 
  or 
  1 
  pound 
  of 
  casein 
  

   spreader 
  should 
  be 
  added 
  to 
  each 
  

   100 
  gallons 
  of 
  water, 
  to 
  cause 
  the 
  

   mixture 
  to 
  spread 
  better 
  and 
  pene- 
  

   trate 
  any 
  waxy 
  covering 
  of 
  the 
  in- 
  

   sects. 
  The 
  soap 
  should 
  be 
  omitted 
  

   if 
  the 
  nicotine 
  is 
  added 
  to 
  other 
  

   insecticides, 
  but 
  the 
  spreader 
  may 
  

   be 
  used. 
  

  

  Caution. 
  — 
  Nicotine 
  and 
  its 
  compounds 
  

   are 
  extremely 
  poisonous 
  and 
  should 
  be 
  

   used 
  carefully. 
  Continued 
  exposure 
  to 
  

   fumes 
  or 
  sprays 
  causes 
  acute 
  nausea 
  in 
  

  

  