﻿ORCHARD 
  INSECTS 
  PACIFIC 
  NORTHWEST 
  

  

  61 
  

  

  some 
  persons. 
  Protection 
  against 
  this 
  

   effect 
  can 
  be 
  obtained 
  by 
  use 
  of 
  a 
  respira- 
  

   tor 
  provided 
  with 
  pads 
  saturated 
  with 
  a 
  

   solution 
  of 
  citric 
  acid. 
  Nicotine 
  can 
  be 
  

   absorbed 
  through 
  the 
  skin. 
  If 
  a 
  concen- 
  

   trated 
  solution 
  is 
  spilled 
  on 
  the 
  skin, 
  it 
  

   should 
  be 
  washed 
  off 
  with 
  water 
  im- 
  

   mediately. 
  

  

  ROTENONE 
  

  

  The 
  ground 
  roots 
  of 
  certain 
  

   tropical 
  plants, 
  such 
  as 
  cube 
  or 
  

   derris, 
  the 
  insecticidal 
  constituent 
  

   of 
  which 
  is 
  rotenone, 
  are 
  used 
  for 
  

   controlling 
  the 
  cherry 
  fruit 
  fly 
  and 
  

   occasionally 
  for 
  pear 
  p 
  s 
  y 
  1 
  1 
  a, 
  

   aphids, 
  and 
  orchard 
  mites. 
  

  

  Spreaders 
  and 
  Stickers 
  

  

  Many 
  organic 
  insecticides 
  are 
  so 
  

   effective 
  that 
  there 
  is 
  little 
  need 
  to 
  

   use 
  spreaders 
  or 
  stickers 
  with 
  them 
  

   in 
  the 
  Pacific 
  Northwest. 
  It 
  is 
  

   advisable 
  to 
  use 
  soap 
  or 
  other 
  

   spreader 
  with 
  nicotine 
  sprays, 
  and 
  

   a 
  protein 
  spreader, 
  such 
  as 
  casein, 
  

   blood 
  albumin, 
  or 
  soy 
  flour, 
  is 
  of- 
  

   ten 
  added 
  to 
  lead 
  arsenate 
  or 
  

   cryolite. 
  

  

  METHODS 
  OF 
  APPLYING 
  

   INSECTICIDES 
  

  

  Excellent 
  control 
  of 
  the 
  codling 
  

   moth 
  and 
  other 
  fruit 
  pests 
  has 
  

   been 
  obtained 
  with 
  air-blast 
  ma- 
  

   chines, 
  which 
  carry 
  the 
  finely 
  di- 
  

   vided 
  spray 
  into 
  the 
  trees. 
  There- 
  

   fore, 
  the 
  air-moving 
  capacity 
  of 
  

   the 
  machine 
  must 
  be 
  sufficient 
  to 
  

   displace 
  all 
  the 
  air 
  within 
  the 
  tree. 
  

   It 
  is 
  often 
  advantageous 
  to 
  in- 
  

   crease 
  the 
  concentration 
  of 
  ma- 
  

  

  terial 
  in 
  the 
  tank 
  by 
  50 
  percent 
  or 
  

   more, 
  and 
  to 
  decrease 
  the 
  quantity 
  

   of 
  spra}' 
  applied 
  to 
  the 
  trees. 
  

  

  Until 
  the 
  most 
  effective 
  and 
  

   practical 
  concentrations 
  and 
  quan- 
  

   tities 
  have 
  been 
  determined, 
  the 
  

   grower 
  will 
  find 
  that 
  if 
  he 
  applies 
  

   approximately 
  the 
  same 
  quantity 
  

   of 
  insecticide 
  per 
  acre 
  with 
  the 
  

   new 
  machines 
  as 
  he 
  has 
  been 
  ap- 
  

   plying 
  with 
  spra}^ 
  g^^i^s, 
  he 
  is 
  very 
  

   likely 
  to 
  get 
  good 
  control 
  of 
  the 
  

   pests. 
  Thus, 
  if 
  it 
  is 
  desired 
  to 
  

   apply 
  half 
  as 
  much 
  liquid 
  by 
  the 
  

   concentrate 
  method 
  as 
  with 
  spray 
  

   guns, 
  the 
  concentration 
  of 
  insecti- 
  

   cide 
  in 
  the 
  liquid 
  should 
  be 
  twice 
  

   that 
  used 
  with 
  spray 
  guns. 
  

  

  In 
  dust 
  applications 
  also 
  the 
  air 
  

   in 
  the 
  trees 
  must 
  be 
  displaced. 
  

   Many 
  dusting 
  machines 
  that 
  have 
  

   been 
  used 
  for 
  insect 
  control 
  do 
  not 
  

   have 
  such 
  a 
  capacity. 
  Applica- 
  

   tion 
  by 
  airplane 
  or 
  helicopter, 
  or 
  

   by 
  machines 
  drawn 
  along 
  the 
  

   ground, 
  may 
  be 
  thorough 
  and 
  ef- 
  

   fective 
  if 
  an 
  adequate 
  quantity 
  of 
  

   dust 
  is 
  applied 
  and 
  the 
  dusting 
  

   is 
  done 
  when 
  atmospheric 
  condi- 
  

   tions 
  cause 
  most 
  of 
  the 
  dust 
  to 
  set- 
  

   tle 
  in 
  the 
  trees. 
  Otherwise 
  it 
  may 
  

   be 
  of 
  little 
  value. 
  Care 
  should 
  be 
  

   taken 
  not 
  to 
  apply 
  dust 
  when 
  it 
  

   may 
  drift 
  on 
  to 
  other 
  crops. 
  

   Dusts 
  have 
  often 
  been 
  much 
  less 
  

   effective 
  against 
  well-protected 
  in- 
  

   sects, 
  such 
  as 
  the 
  woolly 
  apple 
  

   aphid, 
  than 
  against 
  orchard 
  mites 
  

   and 
  other 
  more 
  exposed 
  pests. 
  

   Their 
  effects 
  are 
  not 
  so 
  long 
  lasting 
  

   as 
  those 
  of 
  sprays, 
  necessitating 
  

   more 
  frequent 
  applications. 
  

  

  