34 



CIRCULAR 2 7 0, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 



moist climates. They are less valuable in arid regions, where they 

 dry out too rapidly. A suitable bait may be made of the following 

 materials: 



Wheat bran or shorts 25 pounds. 



Paris green or powdered white arsenic or 



sodium fluoride, or sodium fluosilicate 1 pound. 



Water Enough to moisten. 



A small handful of the bait placed at the base of each tree is suffi- 

 cient. The bait is attractive only while it is moist, and a light covering 

 of grass or hay will keep it in this condition longer. Half of the 

 water used may be replaced by glycerin to prevent rapid drying of 

 the bait. Young children, livestock, poultry, or birds should not be 

 allowed to get at the bait, as it is very poisonous. Vessels used for 

 mixing it should be cleaned thoroughly before the bait dries, as they 

 are difficult to clean afterwards. 



Green Fruitworms 



Related to the cutworms are the green fruitworms (Graptolitha 

 spp.). When young these worms feed on buds and leaves and are 

 not often noticed, but when about half-grown they begin feeding on 



the fruit (fig. 40). 

 They are then smooth 

 green worms, an inch 

 or so long, which eat 

 large holes in the 

 developing apples or 

 pears. They are 

 most often seen dur- 

 ing May and June. 

 The fruit that is at- 

 tacked may drop off, 

 or if the cavities are 

 shallow they heal 

 over and result in rus- 

 seted scars. When 

 the worms are full- 

 grown they make cells 

 in the ground, where they transform to brown pupae in a manner 

 similar to that of the cutworms. The moths emerge late in the fall 

 or early in the spring and lay eggs singly on the trees. Control 

 measures are not often needed, as the sprays applied for the codling 

 moth usually prevent the fruitworms from becoming very injurious. 

 Most of the damage is done early, and affected fruits may often be 

 thinned off without much loss. If special control is necessary, lead 

 arsenate, 3 pounds to 100 gallons, should be used alone or added to 

 a scab spray when the blossoms are in the pink. 



Eye-Spotted Budmoth 



The eye-spotted budmoth (Spilonota ocellana (D. and S.)) occurs in 

 Idaho, northeastern Washington, and the region west of the Cascade 

 Mountains. The injury to the fruit, which is caused by the young, 



Figuke 40. — Green fruitworm feeding on apple. 



