THE MIGRATION OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS 4] 
exceptions to the general rule that spring and fall movements are 
over the same routes (fig. 22). After reaching the South American 
coast the birds make a short stop and then continue overland to the 
B4768M 
FIGURE 22.— Distribution and migration of the golden plover, Pluvialis dominica. Adults of the eastern 
form (P. d. dominica) migrate across northeastern Canada and then by a nonstop flight reach South 
America. .In spring they return by way of the Mississippi Valley. Their entire route is therefore in 
the form of a great ellipse with a major axis of 8,000 miles and a minor axis of about 2,000 miles. The 
Pacific golden plovers (P. d. fulva), which breed in Alaska, apparently make a nonstop flight across the 
ocean to Hawaii, the Marquesas Islands, and the Low Archipelago, returning in spring over the same 
route. 
pampas of Argentina, where they remain from September to March. 
Leaving their winter quarters, they cross northwestern South Amer- 
ica and the Gulf of Mexico, reaching the North American mainland 
on the coasts of Texas and Louisiana. Thence they proceed slowly 
