62 CIRCULAR 363, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 
reported from a second locality, a definite fact relative to its move- 
ments becomes known, and a study of many cases of this nature 
develops more and more complete knowledge of the details of 
migration. 
The records of banded birds are also yielding other pertinent infor- 
mation relative to their migrations, such as the exact dates of arrival 
and departure of individuals, the length of time that different birds 
pause on their migratory journeys to feed and rest, the relation 
between weather conditions and the starting times for migration, the 
rates of travel of individual birds, the degree of regularity with which 
birds return to the exact summer or winter quarters used in former 
years, and many other details that could be learned in no other 
manner. Banding stations that are operated systematically through- 
out the year, therefore, are supplying much information concerning 
the movements of migratory birds that heretofore could only be 
surmised. 
MOVEMENTS OF RESIDENTS 
Typical migration consists of definite movements that are repeated 
regularly year after year, and it is to these that the term is generally 
restricted. It is desirable, however, if only for purposes of compari- 
son, that some account be taken of the movements of some other 
birds, which, while not typical, do possess some of the characteristics 
of true migration. Data on this subject are being collected through 
bird banding. 
There are several species that are customarily grouped under the 
heading ‘“‘permanent residents’’, the term implying that these birds 
do not travel but remain throughout the year in one locality. Among 
these are the cardinal, the tufted titmouse (Baeolophus bicolor), the 
wren tit (Chamaea fasciata), the Carolina wren, the house finch 
(Carpodacus mexicanus frontalis), the bobwhite (Colinus virginianus), 
the California quail (Lophortyx californica), and the ruffed grouse 
(Bonasa umbellus). Each species may be present constantly through- 
out the year, although in the northern part of the range there is 
probably a slight withdrawal of the breeding birds in winter. The 
individuals to be seen at that season, therefore, may not always be 
the same as those observed during the summer. It is certain, how- 
ever, that these species do not regularly perform extensive journeys. 
While the blue jay is disposed to be secretive, it is such a showy 
and noisy bird that is not likely to escape notice. In the vicinity of 
Washington, D. C., as in many other places, it is present the year 
round, but at the end of September or early in October when the 
weather is becoming cooler, troops of jays are sometimes seen work- 
ing southward through the trees. A corresponding northward move- 
ment occurs again in May. This is unquestionably a migration to 
and from some winter range, but its extent or significance is not now 
known. Some light is being shed on the matter, however, through 
the records of banded birds, and these eventually will fill in a more 
perfect picture of the movements of this species. One jay, banded 
on September 14, 1923, at Waukegan, Ill., was killed at Peruque, 
Mo., on November 15 of the same year; another, banded at Winnetka, 
Ill., on June 16, 1925, was retaken at Sulphur Rock, Ark., the follow- 
ing December 10; a third, banded on May 6, 1925, at Whitten, Iowa, 
was recaptured at Decatur, Ark., on January 22,1926. These three 
