ORCHARD INSECTS OF THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST 



of an inch or more in diameter, the larger holes being made by worms 

 that have fed for several hours. Holes of the latter size often cause 

 the fruit to be classified as culls, for although it is not actually wormy 

 it is so injured that it is very liable to decay. Smaller stings, if prop- 

 erly healed so that decay will not follow, are not so important, and fruit 

 having them is ordi- 

 narily not culled out 

 altogether, but is 

 somewhat lowered in 

 grade. Worms oc- 

 casionally feed for a 

 time in rapidly grow- 

 ing twigs or in the 

 midribs of leaves, but 

 this injury is of no 

 consequence, and 

 such worms are not 

 likely to mature. 



LIFE HISTORY 



The codling moth 

 passes the winter as a 

 worm in a cocoon (fig. 

 2) about three-fourths 

 of an inch long which 

 is constructed under 



Figure 1 



'bting 



produced by codling moth worms 

 on apple. 



the loose bark of the trees, in cracks and crevices on the trunks, attached 

 to the trunk just below the surface of the ground, or in protected 

 places in boxes, sacks, and packing sheds. The overwintering worm 

 just about fills the cocoon and is dirty white or pinkish, with a brown 



head. All of the last 

 brood of worms that left 

 the fruit before it was 

 packed, and a part of 

 the preceding brood, hi- 

 bernate. In the spring 

 the worms construct 

 exit tubes of silk, trans- 

 form, to pupae, and later 

 to moths, which escape 

 through the exit tubes. 

 The first moths appear 

 about the time Wine- 

 sap apple trees are in 

 bloom, and the largest 

 numbers of moths are flying late in May or early in June. The 

 moths (fig. 3) are rather inconspicuous, having a maximum wing 

 spread of about three-fourths of an inch. The front or upper wings 

 are brownish gray, crossed with lines of lighter gray, and with a bronze 

 band at the tip. The hind wings, which are covered when the moths 

 are at rest, are grayish brown. The moths live for about 2 weeks. 

 They lay most of their eggs between sundown and 9 or 10 p. m., but 



Figure 2. 



Codling 



cocoons 



moth larva 

 X 2. 



and pupa in 



