4 CIRCULAR 348, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 
10. SUMACS 
(Fig. 3, B) 
Only two species of sumac (hus) are of significance as quail food 
in the Southeast: Dwarf, or black, sumac (R. copallina); and smooth, 
or white, sumac (Rf. glabra). The former can readily be distinguished 
by the wing-margined midrib of its leaf. Both species are shrubs 
or shrubby trees, common along roadsides, ditches, and clearings. 
They produce large clusters of tart, red, berrylike fruits, which 
are available for quail practically every month of the year. 
11. WHEAT 
Wheat (Triticum) gleanings are in themselves an important quail 
food, and the unplowed stubble fields serve as ideal situations for 
the growth of the common ragweed (Ambrosia elatior). 
12. HOGPEANUT 
(Fig. 3, C) 
Hogpeanut (Falcata comosa) thrives in rich, moist woodlands. 
It is a slender, climbing, perennial vine having three-foliate leaves, 
and small white to purple flowers and clusters of short pods. 
13. BLACK LOCUST 
(Fig. 3, D) 
The black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia) is a tree with rough bark, 
spiny twigs, compound leaves, and pendant clusters of fragrant 
white flowers, which later are replaced by dry pods. Its natural 
distribution in the Southeast is restricted largely to the vicinity 
of the mountain area, but it is frequent elsewhere as a shade tree. 
Black locust should not be confused with the less useful honey- 
locust (Gleditsia triacanthos), which has numerous long, branched 
thorns and bears broad, twisted pods, often a foot or more long. 
14. SNAPWEEDS 
(Fig. 4, A) 
Snapweeds, or touch-me-nots (/mpatiens biflora and I. pallida). 
are smooth herbs with watery semitransparent stems; J. biflora 
with orange-colored flowers and J. pallida with yellow. They are 
less common in the Coastal Plain than in the Piedmont and moun- 
tain areas, where they thrive in moist, shaded places, particularly 
along streams. 
15. PASPALUM GRASSES; SIDESEED GRASSES 
(Fig. 4, B and C) 
There are 33 species of Paspalum recorded for the Southeastern 
States. Bull grass (also called water grass) (P. boscianum) is one 
of the most important foods of young quail late in summer and in 
fall. It is abundant in some cultivated fields in the Coastal Plain 
and in many places volunteers freely when the ground is disked 
or plowed in spring. P. floridanum and P. setaceum are used con- 
siderably. The inflorescences of paspalums have one to several 
flattened, one-sided branches to which the grains are closely 
attached. The grains are flattish on one side and rounded on the 
other and vary in outline from broadly oval to nearly circular. 
