﻿34 
  

  

  AMERICAN 
  HOMES 
  AND 
  GARDENS 
  

  

  January, 
  1907 
  

  

  For 
  the 
  average 
  bedroom, 
  say 
  for 
  instance 
  14 
  x 
  18 
  x 
  10, 
  

   or 
  2,500 
  cubic 
  feet, 
  a 
  fireplace 
  opening 
  3 
  feet 
  wide, 
  2 
  feet 
  

   6 
  inches 
  high, 
  and 
  1 
  foot 
  8 
  inches 
  deep 
  will 
  be 
  found 
  of 
  good 
  

   proportions. 
  It 
  should 
  have 
  a 
  terra-cotta 
  lined 
  flue 
  of 
  about 
  

   100 
  square 
  inches 
  of 
  inside 
  area, 
  or 
  the 
  flue 
  known 
  in 
  

   the 
  trade 
  as 
  an 
  8 
  x 
  12 
  inch. 
  An 
  excellent 
  section 
  for 
  its 
  throat 
  

   is 
  given 
  in 
  illustration 
  6. 
  For 
  the 
  average 
  bedroom 
  fireplace 
  

   the 
  8 
  x 
  12-inch 
  flue 
  is 
  quite 
  sufficient, 
  for 
  the 
  larger 
  openings 
  

   of 
  very 
  generous 
  rooms 
  a 
  12 
  x 
  12-inch, 
  while 
  for 
  the 
  smaller 
  

   needs 
  of 
  the 
  laundry 
  stove 
  an 
  8 
  x 
  8-inch 
  suffices. 
  In 
  

   the 
  larger 
  living 
  rooms, 
  in 
  the 
  dining-room, 
  library, 
  or 
  above 
  

   all 
  in 
  the 
  living 
  halls 
  of 
  country 
  houses, 
  one 
  should 
  attempt 
  to 
  

   procure 
  openings 
  slightly 
  larger 
  than 
  4 
  feet, 
  or 
  of 
  dimensions 
  

   4 
  feet 
  2 
  inches 
  by 
  3 
  feet 
  6 
  inches 
  by 
  2 
  feet 
  deep. 
  A 
  cord 
  

   of 
  wood 
  is 
  4 
  feet 
  wide 
  and 
  it 
  is 
  both 
  pleasant 
  as 
  well 
  as 
  a 
  

   saving 
  in 
  labor 
  to 
  be 
  able 
  to 
  throw 
  on 
  the 
  fire 
  the 
  whole 
  

   unsplit 
  or 
  unsawn 
  log. 
  

  

  The 
  success 
  or 
  failure 
  of 
  a 
  fireplace 
  depends, 
  at 
  least 
  to 
  

   the 
  average 
  house 
  owner, 
  more 
  upon 
  its 
  draft 
  than 
  upon 
  its 
  

   design. 
  If 
  it 
  draws 
  well 
  it 
  is 
  a 
  delight, 
  if 
  it 
  constantly 
  smokes 
  

   it 
  is 
  a 
  misery. 
  The 
  shape 
  of 
  the 
  fireplace, 
  the 
  size 
  and 
  course 
  

   of 
  the 
  flues, 
  and 
  the 
  conditions 
  surrounding 
  the 
  chimney 
  all 
  

   affect 
  the 
  draft. 
  

  

  I 
  have 
  already 
  mentioned 
  good 
  proportions 
  for 
  the 
  fire- 
  

   place 
  and 
  flues. 
  The 
  course 
  of 
  the 
  flues 
  must, 
  from 
  the 
  vary- 
  

   ing 
  conditions 
  of 
  superposed 
  stories 
  and 
  rooms, 
  often 
  become 
  

   tortuous 
  and 
  intricate. 
  A 
  chimney 
  stack 
  often 
  contains 
  from 
  

   four 
  to 
  eight 
  flues 
  each, 
  each 
  one 
  from 
  a 
  different 
  fireplace, 
  no 
  

  

  

  mm 
  &, 
  

  

  

  

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  3 
  — 
  French 
  Mantel 
  of 
  Simple 
  Restrained 
  Outline 
  

  

  two 
  of 
  which 
  have 
  vertically 
  superimposed 
  masonry. 
  The 
  

   flues 
  are 
  obliged 
  to 
  dodge 
  each 
  other 
  through 
  the 
  various 
  

   floors, 
  and 
  yet 
  at 
  the 
  end 
  of 
  their 
  journey 
  come 
  out 
  orderly 
  

   side 
  by 
  side, 
  above 
  the 
  roof. 
  The 
  extent 
  and 
  turns 
  and 
  

   twists 
  a 
  flue 
  can 
  take 
  without 
  refusing 
  to 
  draw 
  is 
  astonishing. 
  

   I 
  have 
  seen 
  a 
  fireplace 
  draw 
  properly, 
  whose 
  flue, 
  after 
  rising 
  

   to 
  the 
  ceiling, 
  crossed 
  the 
  whole 
  width, 
  running 
  practically 
  

  

  horizontally 
  for 
  twenty 
  feet, 
  and 
  then 
  just 
  vertically, 
  coming 
  

   out 
  of 
  the 
  roof 
  the 
  opposite 
  side 
  of 
  the 
  house 
  from 
  the 
  fire- 
  

   place. 
  Generally 
  speaking, 
  however, 
  a 
  flue 
  should 
  not 
  be 
  

   slanted 
  over 
  60 
  degrees. 
  A 
  slight 
  slant 
  to 
  the 
  flue 
  is 
  pref- 
  

   erable 
  to 
  a 
  perfectly 
  vertical 
  course 
  when 
  a 
  down 
  draft 
  

   often 
  affects 
  the 
  fire. 
  The 
  flues 
  rising 
  from 
  fireplaces 
  in 
  lower 
  

   stories 
  than 
  the 
  one 
  in 
  question 
  should, 
  if 
  coming 
  on 
  the 
  sides 
  

  

  4— 
  A 
  Louis 
  XV 
  Mantel 
  

  

  of 
  our 
  opening, 
  always 
  have 
  four 
  inches 
  of 
  brickwork 
  between 
  

   them 
  and 
  the 
  fire, 
  if 
  behind 
  our 
  opening, 
  eight. 
  

  

  Run 
  the 
  flues, 
  to 
  a 
  reasonable 
  extent, 
  as 
  far 
  back 
  in 
  your 
  

   wall 
  as 
  is 
  possible. 
  The 
  broad 
  projections 
  of 
  the 
  chimney 
  

   breast 
  lessen 
  the 
  size 
  of 
  the 
  room 
  much 
  more 
  than 
  one 
  imag- 
  

   ines. 
  The 
  bulky 
  proportions 
  of 
  the 
  huge 
  chimneys 
  of 
  Cluny, 
  

   St. 
  Germain, 
  and 
  Blois 
  were 
  due 
  to 
  the 
  fact 
  that 
  the 
  builders 
  

   ran 
  their 
  flues 
  in 
  front 
  of 
  their 
  walls, 
  not 
  yet 
  having 
  learned 
  

   to 
  place 
  them 
  in 
  chases 
  and 
  recesses. 
  We, 
  on 
  the 
  other 
  hand, 
  

   often 
  go 
  to 
  the 
  other 
  extreme, 
  and 
  riddle 
  our 
  walls 
  with 
  so 
  

   many 
  flues 
  that 
  we 
  seriously 
  weaken 
  the 
  carrying 
  strength 
  of 
  

   our 
  masonry. 
  

  

  The 
  exit 
  of 
  the 
  chimney 
  from 
  the 
  house 
  should 
  also 
  have 
  

   forethought. 
  It 
  should 
  never 
  be 
  lower 
  than 
  the 
  immediately 
  

   surrounding 
  roofs 
  or 
  gables, 
  but 
  preferably 
  from 
  three 
  to 
  

   four 
  feet 
  higher. 
  It 
  should 
  never 
  be 
  adjacent 
  to 
  a 
  high 
  wall. 
  

   In 
  New 
  York 
  City 
  one 
  constantly 
  sees 
  the 
  ridiculous 
  instances 
  

   where 
  high 
  apartment 
  houses 
  have 
  been 
  built 
  beside 
  the 
  old 
  

   low 
  residences, 
  whose 
  chimneys 
  on 
  the 
  apartment 
  side 
  will 
  

   no 
  longer 
  draw. 
  Long 
  arms 
  of 
  tin 
  pipe, 
  twenty, 
  thirty 
  feet 
  

   high, 
  carry 
  the 
  mouths 
  of 
  the 
  flues 
  up 
  and 
  away 
  from 
  the 
  

   overshadowing 
  wall 
  that 
  choked 
  their 
  drafts. 
  The 
  high 
  wall 
  

   of 
  the 
  apartment 
  had 
  been 
  acting 
  as 
  a 
  windbreak, 
  throwing 
  

   the 
  smoke 
  of 
  the 
  fireplace 
  right 
  back 
  in 
  the 
  room 
  as 
  soon 
  

   as 
  it 
  rose. 
  

  

  