﻿February, 
  1907 
  

  

  AMERICAN 
  HOMES 
  AND 
  GARDENS 
  

  

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  A 
  Class 
  in 
  Basket 
  Weaving 
  

  

  The 
  last 
  or 
  eighth 
  year 
  in 
  the 
  course 
  takes 
  up 
  the 
  shop 
  

   work, 
  advanced 
  exercises 
  in 
  chiseling 
  and 
  joinery, 
  use 
  of 
  hand 
  

   screws, 
  cause 
  of 
  checking 
  and 
  warping; 
  qualities 
  of 
  hard 
  

   woods 
  — 
  oak, 
  ash, 
  etc. 
  ; 
  nature 
  and 
  application 
  of 
  mortise 
  and 
  

   dovetail 
  joint; 
  characteristics 
  of 
  common 
  woods; 
  Venetian 
  

   iron 
  work, 
  etc. 
  

  

  In 
  the 
  manual 
  training 
  high 
  school, 
  the 
  first 
  year's 
  purely 
  

   manual 
  course 
  consists 
  of 
  freehand 
  drawing 
  and 
  joinery; 
  

   English, 
  including 
  grammar, 
  rhetoric, 
  and 
  composition. 
  Ger- 
  

   man, 
  or 
  French, 
  or 
  Latin 
  and 
  algebra 
  are 
  taught 
  in 
  connec-' 
  

   tion 
  with 
  the 
  manual 
  work. 
  

  

  The 
  second 
  high 
  school 
  year 
  includes 
  plane 
  geometry, 
  free- 
  

   hand 
  and 
  mechanical 
  drawing, 
  wood 
  turning, 
  pattern 
  making, 
  

   molding 
  and 
  sheet 
  metal 
  work. 
  In 
  the 
  third 
  year 
  are 
  mechan- 
  

   ical 
  drawing 
  and 
  forging, 
  while 
  in 
  the 
  fourth 
  year 
  mechanical 
  

   drawing 
  is 
  continued, 
  and 
  machine 
  shop 
  practice 
  undertaken. 
  

  

  By 
  the 
  time 
  a 
  pupil 
  is 
  ready 
  for 
  a 
  course 
  in 
  the 
  manual 
  

   training 
  high 
  school, 
  his 
  hands 
  have 
  become 
  fairly 
  skilled 
  and 
  

   fit 
  to 
  be 
  trusted 
  with 
  the 
  more 
  serious 
  work. 
  As 
  a 
  matter 
  of 
  

   course 
  he 
  takes 
  up 
  mechanical 
  drawing, 
  but 
  shop 
  work 
  is 
  to 
  

   an 
  extent 
  elective, 
  so 
  far 
  as 
  the 
  particular 
  variety 
  in 
  which 
  

   the 
  pupil 
  shows 
  the 
  most 
  interest 
  is 
  concerned. 
  

  

  By 
  the 
  time 
  the 
  pupil 
  reaches 
  the 
  high 
  school 
  he 
  has 
  found 
  

   himself 
  to 
  some 
  extent, 
  and 
  

   is 
  permitted 
  by 
  the 
  instructor 
  

   to 
  give 
  the 
  major 
  part 
  of 
  his 
  

   time 
  to 
  the 
  line 
  of 
  work 
  that 
  

   most 
  appeals 
  to 
  him. 
  This 
  

   he 
  follows 
  out 
  in 
  connection 
  

   with 
  other 
  tasks 
  to 
  as 
  great 
  

   an 
  extent 
  as 
  the 
  course 
  per- 
  

   mits. 
  At 
  the 
  end 
  he 
  knows 
  . 
  

   enough 
  about 
  the 
  subject 
  he 
  

   has 
  studied 
  to 
  decide 
  intelli- 
  

   gently 
  if 
  his 
  life 
  work 
  lies 
  in 
  

   the 
  direction 
  pointed 
  out 
  by 
  

   any 
  of 
  the 
  manual 
  arts. 
  Even 
  

   if 
  he 
  enters 
  a 
  profession, 
  his 
  

   manual 
  training 
  is 
  a 
  marked 
  

   help 
  to 
  him. 
  Every 
  good 
  sur- 
  

   geon 
  is 
  also 
  a 
  good 
  mechanic. 
  

  

  The 
  greater 
  successes 
  thus 
  

   far 
  attained 
  by 
  manual 
  train- 
  

   ing 
  pupils 
  have 
  been 
  among 
  

   those 
  who 
  attend 
  the 
  night 
  or 
  

   evening 
  public 
  schools. 
  The 
  

   course 
  in 
  these 
  schools 
  is 
  in- 
  

   tended 
  for 
  persons 
  with 
  

   whom 
  the 
  necessity 
  of 
  self- 
  

  

  support 
  makes 
  daily 
  labor 
  

   imperative. 
  The 
  only 
  re- 
  

   quirement 
  for 
  admission 
  to 
  

   the 
  New 
  York 
  city 
  schools 
  

   of 
  this 
  nature 
  is 
  the 
  ability 
  to 
  

   read 
  and 
  write 
  English. 
  As 
  

   a 
  rule 
  these 
  pupils 
  have 
  an 
  

   idea 
  of 
  what 
  they 
  wish 
  to 
  

   learn. 
  Usually 
  it 
  is 
  in 
  connec- 
  

   tion 
  with 
  the 
  trades 
  or 
  pro- 
  

   fessions 
  which 
  engage 
  their 
  

   daily 
  attention, 
  but 
  often 
  the 
  

   menial 
  laborer 
  finds 
  here 
  an 
  

   opportunity 
  to 
  mount 
  the 
  lad- 
  

   der 
  leading 
  to 
  a 
  higher 
  rank 
  

   in 
  life. 
  The 
  popularity 
  of 
  

   this 
  method 
  of 
  study 
  is 
  illus- 
  

   trated 
  by 
  the 
  fact 
  that 
  a 
  

   Brooklyn 
  night 
  manual 
  train- 
  

   ing 
  school 
  has 
  a 
  list 
  of 
  1,200 
  

   would-be 
  pupils 
  who 
  await 
  

   the 
  opportunity 
  for 
  study 
  which 
  will 
  become 
  available 
  as 
  

   pupils 
  of 
  the 
  present 
  retire. 
  

  

  Few 
  boys 
  lack 
  the 
  desire 
  to 
  "make 
  things." 
  In 
  the 
  de- 
  

   velopment 
  of 
  this 
  instinct 
  to 
  a 
  point 
  of 
  usefulness, 
  carpentry, 
  

   perhaps, 
  plays 
  the 
  most 
  prominent 
  part. 
  It 
  seems 
  to 
  arouse 
  

   ambition 
  more 
  than 
  any 
  other 
  line 
  of 
  effort, 
  save 
  that 
  of 
  elec- 
  

   tricity. 
  With 
  the 
  development 
  of 
  the 
  latter 
  science 
  has 
  come 
  

   an 
  increase 
  of 
  juvenile 
  interest 
  in 
  the 
  subject. 
  

  

  At 
  first 
  the 
  pupil 
  in 
  carpentry 
  is 
  taught 
  the 
  proper 
  use 
  of 
  

   the 
  plane, 
  and 
  what 
  may 
  be 
  called 
  edge 
  work; 
  that 
  is, 
  how 
  

   to 
  make 
  the 
  beveled 
  edge, 
  ornamental 
  edge, 
  and 
  the 
  over- 
  

   lapping 
  and 
  entering 
  edges 
  of 
  joinery. 
  It 
  is 
  here 
  that 
  the 
  

   natural 
  aptitude 
  of 
  the 
  pupil 
  is 
  tested. 
  If, 
  for 
  instance, 
  he 
  

   makes 
  a 
  small 
  box 
  in 
  approved 
  fashion, 
  the 
  chances 
  are 
  he 
  

   can 
  do 
  other 
  kinds 
  of 
  carpentry 
  and 
  joinery 
  well. 
  When 
  he 
  

   accomplishes 
  such 
  a 
  result 
  he 
  is 
  given 
  more 
  advanced 
  bench 
  

   work, 
  in 
  order 
  that 
  the 
  extent 
  of 
  his 
  natural 
  bent 
  may 
  be 
  

   demonstrated. 
  Sometimes 
  he 
  excels 
  in 
  scroll 
  work, 
  or, 
  again, 
  

   in 
  the 
  working 
  of 
  Venetian 
  iron. 
  

  

  Scroll 
  work 
  develops 
  a 
  steady 
  hand 
  and 
  correct 
  eye. 
  The 
  

   beginner 
  is 
  given 
  patterns 
  to 
  work 
  from, 
  at 
  first, 
  but 
  as 
  he 
  

   progresses 
  he 
  is 
  urged 
  to 
  branch 
  out 
  more 
  and 
  more 
  into 
  indi- 
  

   vidual 
  design. 
  In 
  some 
  cases 
  the 
  result 
  is 
  marvelous, 
  espe- 
  

  

  Learning 
  the 
  Rudiments 
  of 
  Electricity 
  

  

  