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  2 
  

  

  AMERICAN 
  HOMES 
  AND 
  GARDENS 
  

  

  February, 
  1907 
  

  

  cially 
  in 
  the 
  reproduction, 
  without 
  pattern, 
  of 
  leaves 
  of 
  trees. 
  

   Technically, 
  scroll 
  work 
  is 
  known 
  as 
  fret 
  sawing. 
  Paper 
  

   knives 
  with 
  fancy 
  handles, 
  paper 
  racks, 
  match 
  boxes, 
  and 
  

   ornate, 
  but 
  still 
  useful, 
  baskets 
  are 
  constructed 
  with 
  the 
  aid 
  of 
  

   the 
  fret 
  saw 
  and 
  glue 
  pot. 
  Not 
  30 
  per 
  cent, 
  of 
  the 
  pupils 
  who 
  

  

  sorts, 
  they 
  know 
  little 
  of 
  the 
  working 
  principles 
  thereof. 
  

   This 
  fact 
  is 
  the 
  basis 
  of 
  the 
  newest 
  departure 
  in 
  the 
  manual 
  

   training 
  course 
  in 
  the 
  New 
  York 
  schools. 
  The 
  pupils 
  are 
  

   taken 
  by 
  teachers 
  in 
  classes 
  to 
  the 
  homes 
  of 
  the 
  machinery 
  

   used 
  to 
  supply 
  heat, 
  light, 
  etc., 
  in 
  the 
  school 
  buildings 
  them- 
  

   selves, 
  and 
  the 
  working 
  of 
  this 
  ma- 
  

   chinery 
  is 
  explained 
  by 
  the 
  men 
  in 
  

   whose 
  charge 
  it 
  has 
  been 
  placed. 
  

  

  In 
  the 
  machine 
  shop 
  work, 
  and 
  in 
  

   the 
  forge 
  rooms, 
  as 
  much 
  care 
  is 
  

   taken 
  by 
  the 
  instructors 
  in 
  superin- 
  

   tending 
  the 
  work 
  as 
  if 
  the 
  task 
  in 
  

   hand 
  was 
  being 
  accomplished 
  purely 
  

   for 
  commercial 
  purposes. 
  The 
  re- 
  

   sult 
  of 
  this 
  is 
  that 
  the 
  training 
  the 
  

  

  Young 
  Pupils 
  in 
  Venetian 
  Iron 
  Work 
  

  

  take 
  up 
  scroll 
  work 
  in 
  the 
  school 
  fol- 
  

   low 
  it 
  afterward, 
  but 
  there 
  are 
  any 
  

   number 
  of 
  homes 
  that 
  testify 
  to 
  the 
  

   utility 
  of 
  the 
  knowledge 
  gained. 
  

  

  Applied 
  mechanics 
  are 
  next 
  in 
  fa- 
  

   vor. 
  This 
  includes 
  work 
  in 
  the 
  ma- 
  

   chine 
  shop 
  or 
  forge 
  room. 
  The 
  con- 
  

   stant 
  supplanting 
  of 
  steam 
  by 
  electricity 
  in 
  manufactories 
  is 
  

   recognized 
  in 
  the 
  method 
  of 
  equipping 
  the 
  manual 
  training 
  

   departments 
  of 
  the 
  up-to-date 
  public 
  schools. 
  This 
  is 
  notice- 
  

   able 
  in 
  the 
  absence 
  of 
  belting 
  in 
  the 
  majority 
  of 
  machine 
  

   shops. 
  The 
  individual 
  motor 
  furnishes 
  the 
  power. 
  All 
  

   these 
  facts 
  the 
  pupil 
  learns, 
  as 
  well 
  as 
  how 
  to 
  operate 
  the 
  

   electrical 
  machinery. 
  Indeed, 
  in 
  several 
  instances 
  the 
  very 
  

   dynamos 
  used 
  to 
  generate 
  the 
  electricity 
  that 
  furnishes 
  the 
  

   motive 
  power 
  in 
  the 
  school 
  shops 
  have 
  been 
  constructed 
  

   almost 
  wholly 
  by 
  students. 
  

  

  Although 
  most 
  young 
  people 
  are 
  familiar 
  with 
  the 
  gen- 
  

   eral 
  appearance 
  of 
  boilers, 
  pumps, 
  and 
  machinery 
  of 
  various 
  

  

  A 
  Lesson 
  in 
  Scroll 
  Work 
  or 
  Fret-sawing 
  

  

  pupil 
  receives 
  is 
  far 
  superior 
  to 
  that 
  ordinarily 
  experienced 
  

   by 
  the 
  apprentice. 
  

  

  It 
  has 
  been 
  said 
  of 
  the 
  present 
  generation 
  of 
  working 
  me- 
  

   chanics 
  that 
  it 
  lacks 
  thoroughness 
  and 
  a 
  knowledge 
  of 
  the 
  

   best 
  application 
  of 
  principles. 
  The 
  chief 
  aim 
  of 
  the 
  manual 
  

   training 
  school 
  is 
  to 
  remedy 
  any 
  such 
  defect 
  by 
  thoroughly 
  

   grounding 
  the 
  pupil 
  in 
  whatever 
  line 
  of 
  mechanics 
  he 
  

   may 
  elect. 
  

  

  How 
  well 
  that 
  ideal 
  has 
  been 
  attained 
  is 
  testified 
  to 
  by 
  the 
  

   thousands 
  of 
  men 
  and 
  women 
  who 
  have 
  been 
  taught 
  to 
  use 
  

   their 
  hands 
  and 
  by 
  the 
  simpler 
  and 
  more 
  beautiful 
  objects 
  of 
  

   handicraft 
  that 
  are 
  to 
  be 
  found 
  in 
  the 
  homes 
  even 
  of 
  the 
  poor. 
  

  

  Learning 
  the 
  Principles 
  of 
  a 
  Boiler's 
  Operation 
  

  

  A 
  Lesson 
  in 
  the 
  Construction 
  and 
  Operation 
  of 
  a 
  Pump 
  

  

  