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  6 
  

  

  AMERICAN 
  HOMES 
  AND 
  GARDENS 
  

  

  March, 
  1907 
  

  

  built 
  at 
  each 
  end 
  of 
  the 
  lowest 
  pergola 
  from 
  the 
  win- 
  

   dows 
  of 
  which 
  the 
  whole 
  of 
  the 
  lower 
  garden 
  is 
  overlooked, 
  

   as 
  well 
  as 
  much 
  of 
  the 
  outer 
  world 
  as 
  the 
  wall 
  of 
  arbor 
  vitae 
  

   and 
  the 
  surrounding 
  trees 
  will 
  permit. 
  

  

  It 
  is 
  a 
  garden 
  of 
  pronounced 
  individuality, 
  yet 
  its 
  merits 
  

   have 
  been 
  obtained 
  by 
  the 
  simplest 
  means. 
  The 
  chief 
  factor 
  

   in 
  giving 
  it 
  interest 
  has 
  been 
  the 
  spaciousness 
  of 
  the 
  site. 
  

   There 
  was 
  ample 
  ground 
  here, 
  ample 
  room 
  on 
  which 
  to 
  grow 
  

   plants 
  and 
  lay 
  out 
  an 
  interesting 
  type 
  of 
  garden. 
  So 
  far 
  as 
  

   ground 
  plan 
  went, 
  therefore, 
  it 
  was 
  possible 
  to 
  proceed 
  on 
  a 
  

   scale 
  of 
  real 
  magnificence. 
  

  

  But 
  here 
  the 
  magnificence 
  stopped. 
  Grandeur 
  in 
  a 
  garden 
  

   is 
  too 
  hazardous 
  a 
  matter, 
  particularly 
  in 
  our 
  trying 
  Ameri- 
  

   can 
  climate. 
  Good 
  plants 
  and 
  plenty 
  of 
  them; 
  good 
  planting 
  

   and 
  ample 
  seems 
  to 
  have 
  been 
  the 
  motto 
  here. 
  Very 
  enjoy- 
  

   able, 
  therefore, 
  is 
  the 
  variety 
  of 
  the 
  plants 
  and 
  shrubs 
  here, 
  

  

  but 
  which, 
  save 
  in 
  number 
  and 
  spaciousness 
  of 
  arrangement, 
  

   do 
  not 
  differ 
  widely 
  from 
  the 
  contents 
  of 
  many 
  a 
  less 
  preten- 
  

   tious 
  garden 
  than 
  this. 
  

  

  With 
  the 
  pergolas 
  somewhat 
  more 
  latitude 
  was 
  permissible. 
  

   Here 
  again 
  was 
  space, 
  ample 
  and 
  of 
  generous 
  quality. 
  The 
  

   pergolas 
  were 
  designed 
  to 
  cover 
  a 
  liberal 
  quantity 
  of 
  ground 
  

   and 
  were 
  built 
  in 
  a 
  generous 
  manner. 
  Yet 
  they, 
  too, 
  are 
  

   simple 
  and 
  unadorned, 
  appealing 
  to 
  the 
  spectator 
  by 
  reason 
  

   of 
  their 
  size, 
  their 
  arrangement— 
  a 
  great 
  open 
  square 
  which 
  

   they 
  completely 
  surround 
  — 
  and 
  their 
  position. 
  And 
  year 
  

   after 
  year 
  their 
  bare 
  frames 
  are 
  being 
  covered 
  closer 
  and 
  

   closer 
  with 
  foliage, 
  and 
  year 
  after 
  year 
  the 
  whole 
  garden, 
  the 
  

   upper 
  garden 
  with 
  its 
  pergolas 
  and 
  the 
  lower 
  with 
  its 
  lawns 
  

   and 
  flower 
  beds, 
  increases 
  with 
  that 
  loveliness 
  and 
  interest 
  

   which 
  age 
  gives 
  to 
  gardens 
  more 
  completely 
  than 
  to 
  anything 
  

   else. 
  

  

  The 
  Kitchen 
  Furniture 
  

  

  Bv 
  Sarah 
  Adams 
  Keller 
  

  

  O 
  ROOM 
  is 
  so 
  sparsely 
  supplied 
  with 
  furni- 
  

   ture 
  as 
  the 
  kitchen. 
  The 
  permanent 
  fixtures, 
  

   range 
  and 
  sink, 
  the 
  boiler 
  and 
  wash 
  tubs 
  

   consume 
  so 
  much 
  room 
  and 
  require 
  so 
  

   much 
  space 
  for 
  their 
  use 
  that 
  there 
  is 
  often 
  

   barely 
  enough 
  room 
  left 
  for 
  the 
  most 
  neces- 
  

   sary 
  pieces 
  of 
  furniture 
  without 
  which 
  the 
  

   kitchen 
  would 
  be 
  incomplete 
  and 
  all 
  but 
  unusable. 
  Furni- 
  

   ture 
  of 
  a 
  limited 
  kind 
  is, 
  however, 
  needed 
  for 
  the 
  kitchen, 
  

   and 
  it 
  must 
  be 
  well 
  adapted 
  to 
  use. 
  

  

  A 
  kitchen 
  closet 
  is 
  apt 
  to 
  be 
  a 
  very 
  miscellaneous 
  receptacle 
  

   indeed, 
  into 
  which 
  everything 
  is 
  thrust 
  and 
  where 
  nothing 
  

   can 
  ever 
  be 
  found. 
  Systematic 
  arrangement 
  and 
  distribution 
  

   of 
  all 
  utensils, 
  supplies 
  and 
  other 
  articles 
  will 
  add 
  greatly 
  to 
  

   the 
  convenience 
  of 
  the 
  kitchen, 
  and 
  will 
  be 
  found, 
  in 
  the 
  end, 
  

   to 
  fully 
  repay 
  any 
  effort 
  put 
  forth 
  to 
  establish 
  it. 
  This 
  

   becomes 
  a 
  comparatively 
  easy 
  matter 
  where 
  there 
  is 
  room, 
  but 
  

   the 
  ingenuity 
  of 
  the 
  housekeeper 
  will 
  be 
  tested 
  when 
  it 
  comes 
  

   to 
  arranging 
  kitchen 
  tools 
  and 
  foods 
  within 
  narrow 
  compass. 
  

   If 
  the 
  house 
  contains 
  a 
  pantry 
  matters 
  will 
  be 
  much 
  simpli- 
  

   fied, 
  since 
  in 
  that 
  case 
  the 
  china 
  and 
  table 
  ware 
  will 
  be 
  kept 
  

   there, 
  as 
  well 
  as 
  supplies 
  in 
  bulk. 
  

  

  But 
  whatever 
  the 
  size 
  of 
  the 
  kitchen 
  some 
  system 
  in 
  ar- 
  

   rangement 
  and 
  disposition 
  of 
  the 
  utensils 
  is 
  imperative. 
  The 
  

   dresser 
  is 
  intended 
  for 
  dishes 
  and 
  small 
  supplies, 
  such 
  as 
  tea, 
  

   coffee, 
  and 
  spices 
  and 
  the 
  like. 
  Narrow 
  shelves 
  are 
  to 
  be 
  

   preferred 
  to 
  wide 
  ones, 
  for 
  they 
  facilitate 
  use. 
  Wide 
  shelves 
  

   are 
  standing 
  temptations 
  to 
  overloading, 
  and 
  it 
  is 
  almost 
  

   impossible 
  to 
  prevent 
  articles 
  from 
  being 
  stood 
  two 
  or 
  three 
  

   deep, 
  a 
  method 
  that 
  is 
  quite 
  destructive 
  of 
  ready 
  use, 
  and 
  

   which 
  sooner 
  or 
  later 
  falls 
  into 
  positive 
  confusion. 
  The 
  

   dresser 
  may 
  consist 
  of 
  shelves 
  built 
  into 
  the 
  wall 
  or 
  be 
  a 
  sep- 
  

   arate 
  article 
  of 
  furniture. 
  It 
  should 
  be 
  enclosed 
  within 
  glass 
  

   doors. 
  The 
  topmost 
  shelf 
  should 
  always 
  be 
  within 
  easy 
  

   reaching 
  distance. 
  It 
  will 
  be 
  found 
  very 
  helpful 
  to 
  have 
  a 
  

   definite 
  place 
  for 
  every 
  definite 
  kind 
  of 
  article 
  that 
  is 
  given 
  

   place 
  in 
  the 
  dresser, 
  and 
  this 
  systematic 
  arrangement 
  of 
  con- 
  

   tents 
  should 
  be 
  insisted 
  upon 
  as 
  an 
  essential 
  feature 
  of 
  the 
  

   kitchen 
  economy. 
  

  

  The 
  pots 
  must 
  be 
  placed 
  by 
  themselves 
  and 
  must 
  have 
  

   sufficient 
  room, 
  so 
  that 
  each 
  can 
  hang 
  or 
  stand 
  free 
  and 
  inde- 
  

   pendent. 
  Sometimes 
  the 
  space 
  under 
  the 
  dresser 
  is 
  set 
  aside 
  

   for 
  this 
  purpose; 
  sometimes 
  a 
  separate 
  closet 
  is 
  used 
  for 
  the 
  

   pots. 
  The 
  closet 
  beneath 
  the 
  sink, 
  which 
  in 
  old 
  time 
  kitchens 
  

   was 
  used 
  for 
  this 
  purpose, 
  is, 
  of 
  course, 
  no 
  longer 
  available 
  

  

  {Concluded 
  

  

  in 
  the 
  modern 
  kitchen, 
  and 
  should 
  not 
  be 
  used 
  even 
  if 
  present. 
  

   Kitchen 
  cabinets, 
  which 
  partake 
  of 
  the 
  character 
  of 
  a 
  

   dresser, 
  are 
  now 
  made 
  in 
  a 
  variety 
  of 
  forms, 
  many 
  of 
  which 
  

   are 
  compact 
  and 
  convenient 
  and 
  are 
  well 
  adapted 
  to 
  kitchens 
  

   of 
  modest 
  size, 
  where 
  space 
  is 
  valuable 
  and 
  the 
  equipment 
  

   comparatively 
  slight. 
  The 
  styles 
  range 
  from 
  simple 
  to 
  com- 
  

   plex, 
  the 
  latter 
  containing 
  a 
  number 
  of 
  divisions 
  and 
  devices 
  

   for 
  the 
  convenient 
  handling 
  of 
  materials. 
  

  

  The 
  kitchen 
  table 
  is 
  indispensable. 
  Its 
  size 
  will 
  be 
  deter- 
  

   mined 
  by 
  the 
  size 
  of 
  the 
  room, 
  for 
  no 
  kitchen 
  table 
  was 
  ever 
  

   yet 
  too 
  large 
  for 
  the 
  demands 
  that 
  will 
  be 
  made 
  of 
  it. 
  A 
  

   simple 
  wood 
  table, 
  covered 
  with 
  oil 
  cloth 
  or 
  enameled 
  cloth 
  

   and 
  provided 
  with 
  a 
  drawer, 
  in 
  which 
  may 
  be 
  kept 
  the 
  kitchen 
  

   knives 
  and 
  forks 
  and 
  similar 
  utensils, 
  will 
  be 
  found 
  sufficient 
  

   in 
  many 
  kitchens. 
  If 
  the 
  table 
  has 
  a 
  zinc 
  top 
  it 
  will 
  be 
  found 
  

   useful 
  for 
  washing 
  dishes 
  when 
  the 
  sink 
  is 
  not 
  available; 
  

   when 
  the 
  zinc 
  wears 
  out 
  its 
  utility 
  will 
  be 
  lengthened 
  with 
  a 
  

   covering 
  of 
  table 
  oil 
  cloth. 
  A 
  more 
  convenient 
  table 
  is 
  a 
  spe- 
  

   cially 
  built 
  affair, 
  of 
  a 
  height 
  adapted 
  to 
  the 
  height 
  of 
  the 
  

   person 
  who 
  has 
  to 
  work 
  at 
  it, 
  so 
  arranged 
  as 
  to 
  avoid 
  stoop- 
  

   ing. 
  This 
  condition, 
  of 
  course, 
  avails 
  only 
  when 
  the 
  table 
  

   will 
  be 
  used 
  indefinitely 
  by 
  the 
  same 
  person. 
  It 
  should 
  be 
  

   mounted 
  on 
  castors 
  so 
  as 
  to 
  be 
  readily 
  moved, 
  and 
  may 
  

   have 
  the 
  lower 
  space 
  entirely 
  filled 
  with 
  drawers 
  and 
  cup- 
  

   boards. 
  Facility 
  in 
  use 
  will 
  be 
  obtained 
  by 
  making 
  these 
  of 
  

   different 
  sizes, 
  depths 
  and 
  heights. 
  

  

  If 
  the 
  laundry 
  work 
  must 
  be 
  done 
  in 
  the 
  kitchen, 
  as 
  is 
  the 
  

   case 
  in 
  many 
  small 
  households, 
  some 
  special 
  provision 
  must 
  be 
  

   made 
  for 
  it. 
  This 
  is 
  a 
  matter 
  that 
  will 
  require 
  utmost 
  in- 
  

   genuity 
  in 
  crowded 
  quarters 
  and 
  is 
  always 
  an 
  affair 
  of 
  more 
  

   or 
  less 
  difficulty. 
  The 
  ironing 
  boards, 
  stands 
  and 
  cloths 
  

   should 
  be 
  kept 
  together. 
  It 
  may 
  not 
  be 
  possible 
  to 
  have 
  a 
  

   separate 
  and 
  special 
  closet 
  for 
  them, 
  but 
  if 
  other 
  articles 
  are 
  

   kept 
  in 
  the 
  same 
  closet 
  it 
  should 
  be 
  so 
  filled 
  that 
  the 
  ironing 
  

   boards, 
  etc., 
  can 
  be 
  readily 
  reached 
  without 
  the 
  necessity 
  of 
  

   taking 
  other 
  things 
  out. 
  

  

  The 
  clothes 
  horse, 
  while 
  one 
  of 
  the 
  most 
  difficult 
  of 
  house- 
  

   hold 
  articles 
  to 
  store, 
  is 
  one 
  of 
  the 
  most 
  useful. 
  It 
  is 
  difficult 
  

   to 
  offer 
  advice 
  on 
  this 
  article, 
  for 
  its 
  disposition 
  is 
  entirely 
  

   dependent 
  on 
  space, 
  and 
  the 
  housekeeper 
  can 
  only 
  do 
  the 
  

   best 
  she 
  can. 
  Several 
  patented 
  devices 
  are 
  made 
  as 
  substi- 
  

   tutes 
  for 
  the 
  old 
  fashioned 
  article, 
  including 
  apparatus 
  which 
  

   depend 
  from 
  the 
  ceiling, 
  and 
  hence 
  take 
  up 
  no 
  floor 
  or 
  wall 
  

   room. 
  Ropes 
  and 
  cords 
  stretched 
  across 
  the 
  kitchen 
  are 
  

   poor 
  substitutes 
  for 
  wooden 
  bars. 
  If 
  not 
  immediately 
  re- 
  

  

  on 
  Page 
  116) 
  

  

  