﻿XX 
  

  

  AMERICAN 
  HOMES 
  AND 
  GARDENS 
  

  

  April, 
  1907 
  

  

  USE 
  JOIST 
  HANGERS 
  

  

  Don't 
  cut 
  away 
  your 
  

  

  timbers 
  or 
  depend 
  on 
  

  

  flimsy 
  spiking 
  

  

  » 
  

  

  We 
  make 
  Hangers 
  adapted 
  

   to 
  all 
  conditions 
  

  

  Lane 
  Brothers 
  Company 
  

  

  (The 
  Door 
  Hanger 
  Manufacturers) 
  

  

  434-466 
  Prospect 
  St., 
  Poughkeepsie, 
  N. 
  Y. 
  

  

  SCIENTIFIC 
  AMERICAN 
  SUPPLEMENT 
  

   ! 
  543 
  contains 
  an 
  article 
  on 
  Concrete, 
  by 
  

   Brysson 
  Cunningham. 
  The 
  article 
  clearly 
  

   describes 
  the 
  proper 
  composition 
  and 
  mixture 
  

   of 
  concrete 
  and 
  gives 
  the 
  results 
  of 
  elaborate 
  

   tests. 
  

  

  SCIENTIFIC 
  AMERICAN 
  SUPPLEMENT 
  

   •538 
  gives 
  the 
  proportion 
  of 
  gravel 
  and 
  sand 
  

   to 
  be 
  used 
  in 
  concrete. 
  

  

  SCIENTIFIC 
  AMERICAN 
  SUPPLEMENTS 
  

   1567* 
  1568, 
  1569, 
  1570, 
  and 
  1571 
  contain 
  an 
  

   elaborate 
  discussion 
  by 
  Lieut. 
  Henry 
  J. 
  Jones 
  

   of 
  the 
  various 
  systems 
  of 
  reinforcing 
  con- 
  

   crete, 
  concrete 
  construction, 
  and 
  their 
  appli- 
  

   cations. 
  These 
  articles 
  constitute 
  a 
  splendid 
  

   text 
  book 
  on 
  the 
  subject 
  of 
  reinforced 
  con- 
  

   crete. 
  Nothing 
  better 
  has 
  been 
  published. 
  

  

  SCIENTIFIC 
  AMERICAN 
  SUPPLEMENT 
  

   997 
  contains 
  an 
  article 
  by 
  Spencer 
  Newberry 
  

   in 
  which 
  practical 
  notes 
  on 
  the 
  proper 
  prepa- 
  

   ration 
  of 
  concrete 
  are 
  given. 
  

  

  SCIENTIFIC 
  AMERICAN 
  SUPPLEMENTS 
  

   1568 
  and 
  1569 
  present 
  a 
  helpful 
  account 
  of 
  

   the 
  making 
  of 
  concrete 
  blocks 
  by 
  Spencer 
  

   Newberry. 
  

  

  SCIENTIFIC 
  AMERICAN 
  SUPPLEMENT 
  

   '534 
  gives 
  a 
  critical 
  review 
  of 
  the 
  engineer- 
  

   ing 
  value 
  of 
  reinforced 
  concrete. 
  

  

  SCIENTIFIC 
  AMERICAN 
  SUPPLEMENTS 
  

   1547 
  and 
  1548 
  give 
  a 
  resume 
  in 
  which 
  the 
  

   various 
  systems 
  of 
  reinforced 
  concrete 
  con- 
  

   struction 
  are 
  discussed 
  and 
  illustrated. 
  

  

  SCIENTIFIC 
  AMERICAN 
  SUPPLEMENTS 
  

   1564 
  and 
  1565 
  contain 
  an 
  article 
  by 
  Lewis 
  

   A. 
  Hicks, 
  in 
  which 
  the 
  merits 
  and 
  defects 
  

   of 
  reinforced 
  concrete 
  are 
  analyzed. 
  

  

  SCIENTIFIC 
  AMERICAN 
  SUPPLEMENT 
  

   1551 
  contains 
  the 
  principles 
  of 
  reinforced 
  

   concrete 
  with 
  some 
  practical 
  illustrations 
  by 
  

   Walter 
  Loring 
  Webb. 
  

  

  SCIENTIFIC 
  AMERICAN 
  SUPPLEMENT 
  

   '573 
  contains 
  an 
  article 
  by 
  Louis 
  H. 
  Gibson 
  

   on 
  the 
  principles 
  of 
  success 
  in 
  concrete 
  block 
  

   manufacture, 
  illustrated. 
  

  

  SCIENTIFIC 
  AMERICAN 
  SUPPLEMENT 
  

   1574 
  discusses 
  steel 
  for 
  reinforced 
  concrete. 
  

  

  SCIENTIFIC 
  AMERICAN 
  SUPPLEMENTS 
  

   *S7jS.. 
  1576, 
  and 
  1577 
  contain 
  a 
  paper 
  by 
  

   Philip 
  L. 
  Wormley, 
  Jr., 
  on 
  cement 
  mortar 
  

   and 
  concrete, 
  their 
  preparation 
  and 
  use 
  for 
  

   farm 
  purposes. 
  The 
  paper 
  exhaustively 
  dis- 
  

   cusses 
  the 
  making 
  of 
  mortar 
  and 
  concrete, 
  

   depositing 
  of 
  concrete, 
  facing 
  concrete, 
  wood 
  

   forms, 
  concrete 
  sidewalks, 
  details 
  of 
  con- 
  

   struction 
  of 
  reinforced 
  concrete 
  posts, 
  etc. 
  

  

  SCIENTIFIC 
  AMERICAN 
  SUPPLEMENT 
  

   1372 
  contains 
  an 
  article 
  by 
  A. 
  D. 
  Elbers 
  on 
  

   tests 
  and 
  constitution 
  of 
  Portland 
  cement. 
  

  

  SCIENTIFIC 
  AMERICAN 
  SUPPLEMENT 
  

   1396 
  discusses 
  the 
  testing 
  of 
  cement. 
  

  

  SCIENTIFIC 
  AMERICAN 
  SUPPLEMENT 
  

   1325 
  contains 
  an 
  article 
  by 
  Professor 
  Will- 
  

   iam 
  K. 
  Hatt 
  giving 
  an 
  historical 
  sketch 
  of 
  

   slag 
  cement. 
  

  

  SCIENTIFIC 
  AMERICAN 
  SUPPLEMENTS 
  

   955 
  and 
  1042 
  give 
  good 
  accounts 
  of 
  cement 
  

   testing 
  and 
  composition, 
  by 
  the 
  well-known 
  

   authority, 
  Spencer 
  B. 
  Newberry. 
  

  

  SCIENTIFIC 
  AMERICAN 
  SUPPLEMENTS 
  

   1510 
  and 
  1 
  5 
  1 
  1 
  present 
  a 
  discussion 
  by 
  

   Clifford 
  Richardson 
  on 
  the 
  constitution 
  of 
  

   Portland 
  cement 
  from 
  a 
  physico-chemical 
  

   standpoint. 
  

  

  SCIENTIFIC 
  AMERICAN 
  SUPPLEMENT 
  

   1519 
  contains 
  an 
  essay 
  by 
  R. 
  C. 
  Carpenter 
  

   on 
  experiments 
  with 
  materials 
  which 
  retard 
  

   the 
  activity 
  of 
  Portland 
  cement. 
  

  

  SCIENTIFIC 
  AMERICAN 
  SUPPLEMENTS 
  

   1465 
  and 
  1466 
  publishes 
  an 
  exhaustive 
  illus- 
  

   trated 
  account 
  of 
  the 
  Edison 
  Portland 
  ce- 
  

   ment 
  works, 
  describing 
  the 
  machinery 
  used. 
  

  

  SCIENTIFIC 
  AMERICAN 
  SUPPLEMENT 
  

   1491 
  gives 
  some 
  fallacies 
  of 
  tests 
  ordinarily 
  

   applied 
  to 
  Portland 
  cement. 
  

  

  SCIENTIFIC 
  AMERICAN 
  SUPPLEMENT 
  

   1 
  561 
  presents 
  an 
  excellent 
  review 
  by 
  Brysson 
  

   Cunningham 
  of 
  mortars 
  and 
  cements. 
  

  

  SCIENTIFIC 
  AMERICAN 
  SUPPLEMENT 
  

   '533 
  contains 
  a 
  resume 
  of 
  the 
  cement 
  in- 
  

   dustry 
  and 
  gives 
  some 
  valuable 
  formulae. 
  

  

  SCIENTIFIC 
  AMERICAN 
  SUPPLEMENT 
  

   1575 
  discusses 
  the 
  manufacture 
  of 
  hydraulic 
  

   cement. 
  L. 
  L. 
  Stone 
  is 
  the 
  author. 
  

  

  SCIENTIFIC 
  AMERICAN 
  SUPPLEMENTS 
  

   1587 
  and 
  1588 
  contain 
  an 
  able 
  paper 
  by 
  

   Edwin 
  C. 
  Eckel 
  on 
  cement 
  material 
  and 
  

   industry 
  of 
  the 
  United 
  States. 
  

  

  SCIENTIFIC 
  AMERICAN 
  SUPPLEMENT 
  

   1586 
  contains 
  a 
  review 
  of 
  concrete 
  mixing 
  

   machinery 
  by 
  William 
  L. 
  Larkin. 
  

  

  SCIENTIFIC 
  AMERICAN 
  SUPPLEMENT 
  

   '583 
  gives 
  valuable 
  suggestions 
  on 
  the 
  selec- 
  

   tion 
  of 
  Portland 
  cement 
  for 
  concrete 
  blocks. 
  

  

  SCIENTIFIC 
  AMERICAN 
  SUPPLEMENT 
  

   1 
  58 
  1 
  splendidly 
  discusses 
  concrete 
  aggre- 
  

   gates. 
  A 
  helpful 
  paper. 
  

  

  SCIENTIFIC 
  AMERICAN 
  SUPPLEMENT 
  

   ■595 
  presents 
  a 
  thorough 
  discussion 
  of 
  sand 
  

   for 
  mortar 
  and 
  concrete, 
  by 
  Sanford 
  E. 
  

   Thomson. 
  

  

  Cement 
  Concrete 
  

  

  Reinforced. 
  Concrete 
  

   Concrete 
  Builamg 
  Blocks 
  

  

  Each 
  number 
  of 
  the 
  Supplement 
  costs 
  10 
  cents. 
  A 
  set 
  of 
  papers 
  

   containing 
  all 
  the 
  articles 
  above 
  mentioned 
  will 
  he 
  mailed 
  for 
  $3.50 
  

  

  Order 
  from 
  your 
  Newsdealer 
  or 
  from 
  

  

  MUNN 
  & 
  COMPANY, 
  361 
  BROADWAY, 
  NEW 
  YORK 
  CITY 
  

  

  The 
  cracks 
  must 
  be 
  filled 
  solid 
  and 
  even 
  with 
  

   the 
  boards. 
  After 
  the 
  crevices 
  are 
  filled 
  shel- 
  

   lac 
  or 
  prepared 
  house 
  paint 
  may 
  be 
  applied. 
  

   When 
  paint 
  is 
  used 
  the 
  floor 
  should 
  be 
  var- 
  

   nished 
  after 
  the 
  second 
  coat 
  is 
  thoroughly 
  dry. 
  

   Oak 
  color 
  is 
  more 
  satisfactory 
  in 
  paint 
  than 
  a 
  

   lighter 
  or 
  a 
  darker 
  shade, 
  as 
  it 
  does 
  not 
  show- 
  

   dust 
  and 
  wears 
  well. 
  To 
  keep 
  a 
  painted 
  Hoor 
  

   in 
  good 
  condition 
  it 
  should 
  be 
  dusted 
  every 
  

   day 
  and 
  oiled 
  occasionally. 
  Crude 
  oil 
  is 
  good 
  

   for 
  this 
  purpose, 
  and 
  should 
  be 
  applied 
  with 
  a 
  

   flannel 
  or 
  other 
  lintless 
  cloth. 
  Rubbing 
  after- 
  

   ward 
  with 
  cheesecloth 
  preserves 
  the 
  polish. 
  

   Where 
  milk 
  is 
  plentiful 
  it 
  forms 
  an 
  excellent 
  

   substitute 
  for 
  oil, 
  and 
  is 
  preferable 
  in 
  point 
  of 
  

   cleanliness. 
  Painted 
  floors 
  that 
  are 
  very 
  dirty 
  

   may 
  be 
  washed 
  with 
  skim 
  milk 
  or 
  with 
  soap 
  

   and 
  water. 
  A 
  scrubbing 
  brush 
  should 
  never 
  

   be 
  used 
  on 
  a 
  painted 
  or 
  varnished 
  floor. 
  

  

  Varnished 
  and 
  painted 
  floors 
  will 
  keep 
  

   bright 
  for 
  years 
  if 
  they 
  are 
  wiped 
  clean 
  once 
  

   a 
  month 
  with 
  a 
  cloth 
  wrung 
  out 
  of 
  warm 
  

   water, 
  then 
  rubbed 
  with 
  a 
  cloth 
  wet 
  with 
  kero- 
  

   sene 
  and 
  finally 
  rubbed 
  briskly 
  with 
  a 
  woolen 
  

   cloth. 
  

  

  When 
  an 
  oiled 
  floor 
  is 
  soiled 
  it 
  may 
  be 
  

   cleaned 
  by 
  rubbing 
  with 
  crude 
  petroleum 
  or 
  

   kerosene. 
  It 
  may 
  also 
  be 
  washed 
  with 
  hot 
  

   soapsuds. 
  It 
  should 
  always 
  be 
  rubbed 
  per- 
  

   fectly 
  dry. 
  

  

  A 
  pretty 
  and 
  artistic 
  way 
  to 
  treat 
  the 
  floors 
  

   of 
  bedrooms, 
  especially 
  those 
  in 
  summer 
  homes, 
  

   is 
  to 
  enamel 
  them 
  in 
  the 
  colors 
  used 
  on 
  metal 
  

   bedsteads. 
  These 
  dull 
  shades 
  harmonize 
  beau- 
  

   tifully 
  with 
  wall 
  papers, 
  and 
  the 
  matting 
  and 
  

   denim 
  used 
  for 
  wainscotings. 
  Moss-green 
  

   shingle 
  stain 
  and 
  the 
  dull 
  copper 
  color 
  used 
  

   on 
  roofs 
  are 
  very 
  effective 
  with 
  white 
  wood- 
  

   work, 
  and 
  Dutch 
  blue 
  enamel 
  is 
  just 
  the 
  

   thing 
  for 
  the 
  floor 
  of 
  a 
  room 
  where 
  the 
  Delft 
  

   coloring 
  is 
  wanted. 
  No 
  matter 
  what 
  color 
  is 
  

   chosen, 
  the 
  effect 
  will 
  be 
  better 
  if 
  the 
  floor 
  

   matches 
  the 
  tone 
  of 
  the 
  walls. 
  The 
  enameled 
  

   floor 
  should 
  be 
  varnished 
  and 
  waxed 
  to 
  get 
  

   the 
  best 
  results. 
  In 
  staining 
  or 
  in 
  painting 
  

   floors 
  the 
  mistake 
  of 
  hurrying 
  the 
  work 
  is 
  

   often 
  made. 
  To 
  be 
  well 
  done 
  the 
  work 
  must 
  

   be 
  very 
  slowly 
  done, 
  allowing 
  plenty 
  of 
  time 
  

   for 
  every 
  coat 
  of 
  paint 
  to 
  dry 
  thoroughly 
  be- 
  

   fore 
  another 
  is 
  applied. 
  It 
  is 
  a 
  very 
  desirable 
  

   thing, 
  if 
  possible, 
  to 
  have 
  the 
  floor 
  untouched 
  

   for 
  at 
  least 
  twelve 
  hours 
  after 
  the 
  rubbing 
  on 
  

   of 
  the 
  final 
  application 
  of 
  oil 
  or 
  wax. 
  The 
  

   floor 
  must 
  be 
  allowed 
  to 
  set 
  and 
  harden 
  if 
  you 
  

   want 
  it 
  to 
  present 
  a 
  thoroughly 
  satisfactory 
  

   appearance. 
  

  

  It 
  is 
  a 
  good 
  plan 
  to 
  have 
  the 
  kitchen 
  floor 
  

   stained 
  with 
  potash. 
  It 
  is 
  an 
  excellent 
  stain 
  

   for 
  any 
  floor, 
  but 
  more 
  particularly 
  for 
  that 
  

   of 
  the 
  kitchen. 
  A 
  quarter 
  of 
  an 
  ounce 
  of 
  per- 
  

   manganate 
  of 
  potash 
  to 
  each 
  quart 
  of 
  water 
  

   should 
  be 
  used. 
  It 
  should 
  be 
  applied 
  freely 
  

   and 
  quickly 
  to 
  a 
  dry 
  floor 
  with 
  a 
  cloth 
  or 
  

   brush, 
  repeated 
  for 
  a 
  dark 
  color. 
  When 
  it 
  is 
  

   applied 
  hot 
  it 
  will 
  penetrate 
  the 
  grains 
  of 
  the 
  

   wood 
  and 
  kill 
  insect 
  germs 
  that 
  may 
  be 
  lurk- 
  

   ing 
  there. 
  Care 
  should 
  be 
  exercised 
  in 
  

   handling 
  so 
  that 
  it 
  may 
  not 
  come 
  in 
  contact 
  

   with 
  the 
  hands, 
  as 
  it 
  is 
  a 
  caustic, 
  therefore 
  

   one 
  should 
  wear 
  rubber 
  or 
  leather 
  gloves 
  in 
  

   the 
  operation. 
  A 
  floor 
  thus 
  heated 
  may 
  after- 
  

   ward 
  be 
  coated 
  with 
  linseed 
  oil, 
  shellac, 
  wax, 
  

   or 
  varnish. 
  

  

  For 
  a 
  piazza 
  floor 
  there 
  is 
  no 
  better 
  finish 
  

   than 
  linseed 
  oil. 
  One 
  thorough 
  oiling 
  should 
  

   keep 
  the 
  boards 
  in 
  good 
  condition 
  all 
  summer. 
  

   Oil 
  again 
  in 
  the 
  fall 
  to 
  preserve 
  the 
  boards 
  

   through 
  the 
  winter. 
  The 
  floor 
  should 
  be 
  

   swept 
  and 
  washed 
  clean, 
  and 
  when 
  it 
  is 
  dry 
  

   it 
  should 
  be 
  rubbed 
  with 
  boiled 
  linseed 
  oil. 
  

   The 
  next 
  day 
  apply 
  a 
  second 
  coat, 
  rubbing 
  in 
  

   well. 
  The 
  floor 
  will 
  be 
  greatly 
  improved 
  by 
  

   rubbing 
  with 
  coarse 
  woolen 
  cloths 
  a 
  few 
  days 
  

   after 
  the 
  oiling. 
  Sweeping 
  and 
  an 
  occasional 
  

   washing 
  are 
  all 
  that 
  such 
  a 
  floor 
  requires 
  dur- 
  

   ing 
  the 
  summer. 
  

  

  