﻿XX 
  

  

  AMERICAN 
  HOMES 
  AND 
  GARDENS 
  

  

  May, 
  1907 
  

  

  HOW 
  ARE 
  THE 
  BEAMS 
  

  

  HELD 
  

  

  WHERE 
  THEY 
  ABUT 
  

   THEIR 
  SUPPORTS? 
  

  

  Are 
  they 
  Cut 
  Away 
  by 
  

   Framing 
  ? 
  

  

  Do 
  You 
  Depend 
  Merely 
  

   on 
  Spiking? 
  

  

  The 
  Best 
  Way 
  is 
  to 
  Use 
  

   Our 
  Joist 
  Hangers. 
  

  

  t 
  A 
  TVTTT* 
  TD"D 
  OO 
  r*r\ 
  /The 
  Door 
  Hanger\ 
  434-466 
  PROSPECT 
  

   .L/.T\.IN 
  Hf 
  -DXSAJO. 
  L/Vj. 
  ^ 
  cTWanufacturers 
  J 
  POUGHKEEPSIE, 
  ! 
  

  

  ST. 
  

   N. 
  Y. 
  

  

  Cement 
  — 
  — 
  — 
  Concrete 
  

  

  Reinforced 
  Concrete 
  

   Concrete 
  Building 
  Blocks 
  

  

  SCIENTIFIC 
  AMERICAN 
  SUPPLEMENT 
  

   ! 
  543 
  contains 
  an 
  article 
  on 
  Concrete, 
  by 
  

   Brysson 
  Cunningham. 
  The 
  article 
  clearly 
  

   describes 
  the 
  proper 
  composition 
  and 
  mixture 
  

   of 
  concrete 
  and 
  gives 
  the 
  results 
  of 
  elaborate 
  

   tests. 
  

  

  SCIENTIFIC 
  AMERICAN 
  SUPPLEMENT 
  

   '538 
  gives 
  the 
  proportion 
  of 
  gravel 
  and 
  sand 
  

   to 
  be 
  used 
  in 
  concrete. 
  

  

  SCIENTIFIC 
  AMERICAN 
  SUPPLEMENTS 
  

   1 
  567, 
  1568, 
  1569, 
  1570, 
  and 
  1571 
  contain 
  an 
  

   elaborate 
  discussion 
  by 
  Lieut. 
  Henry 
  J. 
  Jones 
  

   of 
  the 
  various 
  systems 
  of 
  reinforcing 
  con- 
  

   crete, 
  concrete 
  construction, 
  and 
  their 
  appli- 
  

   cations. 
  These 
  articles 
  constitute 
  a 
  splendid 
  

   text 
  book 
  on 
  the 
  subject 
  of 
  reinforced 
  con- 
  

   crete. 
  Nothing 
  better 
  has 
  been 
  published. 
  

  

  SCIENTIFIC 
  AMERICAN 
  SUPPLEMENT 
  

   997 
  contains 
  an 
  article 
  by 
  Spencer 
  Newberry 
  

   in 
  which 
  practical 
  notes 
  on 
  the 
  proper 
  prepa- 
  

   ration 
  of 
  concrete 
  are 
  given. 
  

  

  SCIENTIFIC 
  AMERICAN 
  SUPPLEMENTS 
  

   1568 
  and 
  1569 
  present 
  a 
  helpful 
  account 
  of 
  

   the 
  making 
  of 
  concrete 
  blocks 
  by 
  Spencer 
  

   Newberry. 
  

  

  SCIENTIFIC 
  AMERICAN 
  SUPPLEMENT 
  

   '534 
  gives 
  a 
  critical 
  review 
  of 
  the 
  engineer- 
  

   ing 
  value 
  of 
  reinforced 
  concrete. 
  

  

  SCIENTIFIC 
  AMERICAN 
  SUPPLEMENTS 
  

   1547 
  and 
  1548 
  give 
  a 
  resume 
  in 
  which 
  the 
  

   various 
  systems 
  of 
  reinforced 
  concrete 
  con- 
  

   struction 
  are 
  discussed 
  and 
  illustrated. 
  

  

  SCIENTIFIC 
  AMERICAN 
  SUPPLEMENTS 
  

   1564 
  and 
  1565 
  contain 
  an 
  article 
  by 
  Lewis 
  

   A. 
  Hicks, 
  in 
  which 
  the 
  merits 
  and 
  defects 
  

   of 
  reinforced 
  concrete 
  are 
  analyzed. 
  

  

  SCIENTIFIC 
  AMERICAN 
  SUPPLEMENT 
  

   1 
  55 
  1 
  contains 
  the 
  principles 
  of 
  reinforced 
  

   concrete 
  with 
  some 
  practical 
  illustrations 
  by 
  

   Walter 
  Loring 
  Webb. 
  

  

  SCIENTIFIC 
  AMERICAN 
  SUPPLEMENT 
  

   '573 
  contains 
  an 
  article 
  by 
  Louis 
  H. 
  Gibson 
  

   on 
  the 
  principles 
  of 
  success 
  in 
  concrete 
  block 
  

   manufacture, 
  illustrated. 
  

  

  SCIENTIFIC 
  AMERICAN 
  SUPPLEMENT 
  

   1574 
  discusses 
  steel 
  for 
  reinforced 
  concrete. 
  

  

  SCIENTIFIC 
  AMERICAN 
  SUPPLEMENTS 
  

   I 
  575., 
  1576, 
  and 
  1577 
  contain 
  a 
  paper 
  by 
  

   Philip 
  L. 
  Wormley, 
  Jr., 
  on 
  cement 
  mortar 
  

   and 
  concrete, 
  their 
  preparation 
  and 
  use 
  for 
  

   farm 
  purposes. 
  The 
  paper 
  exhaustively 
  dis- 
  

   cusses 
  the 
  making 
  of 
  mortar 
  and 
  concrete, 
  

   depositing 
  of 
  concrete, 
  facing 
  concrete, 
  wood 
  

   forms, 
  concrete 
  sidewalks, 
  details 
  of 
  con- 
  

   struction 
  of 
  reinforced 
  concrete 
  posts, 
  etc. 
  

  

  SCIENTIFIC 
  AMERICAN 
  SUPPLEMENT 
  

   1372 
  contains 
  an 
  article 
  by 
  A. 
  D. 
  Fibers 
  on 
  

   tests 
  and 
  constitution 
  of 
  Portland 
  cement. 
  

  

  SCIENTIFIC 
  AMERICAN 
  SUPPLEMENT 
  

   1396 
  discusses 
  the 
  testing 
  of 
  cement. 
  

  

  SCIENTIFIC 
  AMERICAN 
  SUPPLEMENT 
  

   1325 
  contains 
  an 
  article 
  by 
  Professor 
  Will- 
  

   iam 
  K. 
  Hatt 
  giving 
  an 
  historical 
  sketch 
  of 
  

   slag 
  cement. 
  

  

  SCIENTIFIC 
  AMERICAN 
  SUPPLEMENTS 
  

   955 
  and 
  1042 
  give 
  good 
  accounts 
  of 
  cement 
  

   testing 
  and 
  composition, 
  by 
  the 
  well-known 
  

   authority, 
  Spencer 
  B. 
  Newberry. 
  

  

  SCIENTIFIC 
  AMERICAN 
  SUPPLEMENTS 
  

   1 
  5 
  10 
  and 
  151 
  1 
  present 
  a 
  discussion 
  by 
  

   Clifford 
  Richardson 
  on 
  the 
  constitution 
  of 
  

   Portland 
  cement 
  from 
  a 
  physico-chemical 
  

   standpoint. 
  

  

  SCIENTIFIC 
  AMERICAN 
  SUPPLEMENT 
  

   1519 
  contains 
  an 
  essay 
  by 
  R. 
  C. 
  Carpenter 
  

   on 
  experiments 
  with 
  materials 
  which 
  retard 
  

   the 
  activity 
  of 
  Portland 
  cement. 
  

  

  SCIENTIFIC 
  AMERICAN 
  SUPPLEMENTS 
  

   1465 
  and 
  1466 
  publishes 
  an 
  exhaustive 
  illus- 
  

   trated 
  account 
  of 
  the 
  Edison 
  Portland 
  ce- 
  

   ment 
  works, 
  describing 
  the 
  machinery 
  used. 
  

  

  SCIENTIFIC 
  AMERICAN 
  SUPPLEMENT 
  

   1491 
  gives 
  some 
  fallacies 
  of 
  tests 
  ordinarily 
  

   applied 
  to 
  Portland 
  cement. 
  

  

  SCIENTIFIC 
  AMERICAN 
  SUPPLEMENT 
  

   1 
  56 
  1 
  presents 
  an 
  excellent 
  review 
  by 
  Brysson 
  

   Cunningham 
  of 
  mortars 
  and 
  cements. 
  

  

  SCIENTIFIC 
  AMERICAN 
  SUPPLEMENT 
  

   J 
  533 
  contains 
  a 
  resume 
  of 
  the 
  cement 
  in- 
  

   dustry 
  and 
  gives 
  some 
  valuable 
  formulas. 
  

  

  SCIENTIFIC 
  AMERICAN 
  SUPPLEMENT 
  

   1575 
  discusses 
  the 
  manufacture 
  of 
  hydraulic 
  

   cement. 
  L. 
  L. 
  Stone 
  is 
  the 
  author. 
  

  

  SCIENTIFIC 
  AMERICAN 
  SUPPLEMENTS 
  

   1587 
  and 
  1588 
  contain 
  an 
  able 
  paper 
  by 
  

   Edwin 
  C. 
  Eckel 
  on 
  cement 
  material 
  and 
  

   industry 
  of 
  the 
  United 
  States. 
  

  

  SCIENTIFIC 
  AMERICAN 
  SUPPLEMENT 
  

   1586 
  contains 
  a 
  review 
  of 
  concrete 
  mixing 
  

   machinery 
  by 
  William 
  L. 
  Larkin. 
  

  

  SCIENTIFIC 
  AMERICAN 
  SUPPLEMENT 
  

   '5^3 
  gives 
  valuable 
  suggestions 
  on 
  the 
  selec- 
  

   tion 
  of 
  Portland 
  cement 
  for 
  concrete 
  blocks. 
  

  

  SCIENTIFIC 
  AMERICAN 
  SUPPLEMENT 
  

   1581 
  splendidly 
  discusses 
  concrete 
  aggre- 
  

   gates. 
  A 
  helpful 
  paper. 
  

  

  SCIENTIFIC 
  AMERICAN 
  SUPPLEMENT 
  

   '595 
  presents 
  a 
  thorough 
  discussion 
  of 
  sand 
  

   for 
  mortar 
  and 
  concrete, 
  by 
  Sanford 
  E. 
  

   Thomson. 
  

  

  Each 
  number 
  of 
  the 
  Supplement 
  costs 
  10 
  cents. 
  A 
  set 
  of 
  papers 
  

   containing 
  all 
  the 
  articles 
  above 
  mentioned 
  -will 
  he 
  mailed 
  for 
  $3.50 
  

  

  Order 
  from 
  your 
  Newsdealer 
  or 
  from 
  

  

  MUNN 
  & 
  COMPANY, 
  361 
  BROADWAY, 
  NEW 
  YORK 
  CITY 
  

  

  process 
  with 
  pollen 
  was 
  carried 
  out, 
  and 
  truly 
  

   marvelous 
  results 
  followed. 
  One 
  of 
  the 
  

   new 
  seedlings 
  had 
  a 
  dazzling 
  brilliant 
  color 
  

   and 
  was 
  hardy 
  enough 
  to 
  survive 
  winter 
  ex- 
  

   posure. 
  This 
  plant 
  formed 
  the 
  basis 
  of 
  fur- 
  

   ther 
  experiments, 
  and 
  is 
  the 
  original 
  still 
  in 
  

   the 
  Philadelphia 
  nursery. 
  

  

  With 
  such 
  a 
  strenuous 
  offspring, 
  it 
  was 
  

   now 
  possible 
  to 
  set 
  to 
  work 
  in 
  earnest 
  to 
  

   improve 
  the 
  swamp 
  mallow. 
  The 
  flowers 
  of 
  

   the 
  new 
  hybrid 
  were 
  pollenized 
  with 
  another 
  

   type. 
  The 
  seedlings 
  from 
  this 
  fertilization, 
  

   it 
  was 
  noticed, 
  were 
  vastly 
  different 
  in 
  form 
  

   and 
  foliage, 
  showing 
  great 
  promise 
  of 
  a 
  suc- 
  

   cessful 
  cross. 
  The 
  first 
  flower 
  to 
  bloom 
  was 
  

   a 
  glorious 
  pink, 
  a 
  shade 
  never 
  before 
  seen 
  in 
  

   a 
  swamp 
  mallow. 
  This 
  was 
  followed 
  in 
  rapid 
  

   profusion 
  by 
  flowers 
  of 
  every 
  shade 
  of 
  pink, 
  

   white, 
  red 
  and 
  scarlet. 
  A 
  new 
  race 
  had 
  truly 
  

   been 
  created. 
  A 
  new 
  page 
  to 
  horticultural 
  

   research 
  was 
  added. 
  

  

  Thirty 
  years 
  ago, 
  Mr. 
  Thomas 
  Meehan, 
  

   of 
  Philadelphia, 
  predicted 
  that 
  such 
  a 
  mat- 
  

   ing 
  would 
  reproduce 
  an 
  attractive 
  offspring, 
  

   but 
  not 
  until 
  1903 
  was 
  the 
  work 
  undertaken. 
  

   To-day 
  thousands 
  of 
  roots 
  of 
  these 
  bewitch- 
  

   ing 
  mallows 
  are 
  being 
  disseminated 
  from 
  the 
  

   Meehan 
  nurseries 
  in 
  Germantown, 
  Philadel- 
  

   phia. 
  

  

  TARVIA, 
  THE 
  DUST 
  LAYER 
  

  

  A 
  NOTHER 
  automobile 
  season, 
  and 
  many 
  

   Z-V 
  people, 
  especially 
  those 
  who 
  live 
  on 
  

   thoroughfares 
  frequented 
  by 
  automo- 
  

   biles, 
  as 
  well 
  as 
  the 
  automobilists 
  themselves, 
  

   will 
  look 
  with 
  renewed 
  dread 
  to 
  the 
  summer 
  

   dust 
  nuisance. 
  

  

  Many 
  modern 
  automobiles 
  are 
  so 
  designed 
  

   that 
  the 
  occupants 
  are 
  not 
  disturbed 
  by 
  the 
  dust 
  

   of 
  their 
  own 
  machines, 
  but 
  they 
  can 
  not 
  escape 
  

   that 
  raised 
  by 
  other 
  vehicles 
  on 
  the 
  road. 
  As 
  

   for 
  the 
  householders, 
  they 
  suffer 
  constantly, 
  

   and 
  the 
  coming 
  of 
  the 
  automobile 
  has 
  in 
  many 
  

   cases 
  depreciated 
  instead 
  of 
  increased 
  the 
  value 
  

   of 
  property. 
  

  

  Everybody 
  has 
  seen 
  roads 
  where 
  clouds 
  of 
  

   dust 
  hang 
  for 
  many 
  minutes 
  in 
  the 
  air 
  after 
  

   the 
  passage 
  of 
  a 
  single 
  automobile. 
  Sprinkling 
  

   is 
  expensive, 
  and 
  instead 
  of 
  decreasing 
  the 
  

   nuisance 
  actually 
  increases 
  it. 
  The 
  constant 
  

   use 
  of 
  water 
  on 
  the 
  road 
  breaks 
  up 
  the 
  natural 
  

   bond 
  of 
  the 
  top 
  dressing 
  so 
  that 
  mud 
  is 
  formed, 
  

   which 
  soon 
  becomes 
  dust 
  again 
  in 
  the 
  hot 
  sun. 
  

   Roads 
  which 
  are 
  regularly 
  sprinkled 
  require 
  

   re-surfacing 
  much 
  oftener 
  than 
  roads 
  which 
  

   can 
  be 
  left 
  to 
  themselves. 
  

  

  Oil 
  has 
  been 
  used 
  in 
  many 
  localities 
  for 
  the 
  

   purpose 
  of 
  suppression 
  of 
  dust, 
  especially 
  in 
  

   California, 
  where 
  it 
  is 
  exceedingly 
  cheap. 
  It 
  

   is 
  only 
  partially 
  effective, 
  and 
  develops 
  another 
  

   nuisance 
  on 
  account 
  of 
  the 
  damage 
  it 
  does 
  to 
  

   vehicles 
  and 
  to 
  garments. 
  

  

  The 
  best 
  of 
  the 
  propositions 
  for 
  the 
  sup- 
  

   pression 
  of 
  dust, 
  and 
  the 
  one 
  which 
  is 
  recom- 
  

   mended 
  by 
  the 
  United 
  States 
  Department 
  of 
  

   Agriculture, 
  is 
  a 
  tar 
  preparation 
  of 
  the 
  right 
  

   grade 
  and 
  character. 
  This 
  is 
  sold 
  by 
  the 
  lead- 
  

   ing 
  manufacturers 
  of 
  coal 
  tar 
  products 
  under 
  

   the 
  name 
  of 
  Tarvia, 
  the 
  makers 
  having 
  made 
  

   prolonged 
  experiments 
  to 
  determine 
  which 
  of 
  

   the 
  various 
  tar 
  compounds 
  is 
  best 
  adapted 
  to 
  

   the 
  purpose. 
  

  

  In 
  France 
  this 
  material 
  has 
  been 
  used 
  since 
  

   1900, 
  when 
  the 
  League 
  for 
  the 
  Supression 
  of 
  

   Dust 
  first 
  reported 
  successful 
  experiments 
  with 
  

   it. 
  This 
  League 
  was 
  formed 
  to 
  abate 
  a 
  dust 
  

   nuisance 
  which 
  was 
  rapidly 
  making 
  the 
  Riviera 
  

   positively 
  unpleasant 
  in 
  many 
  sections 
  and 
  

   seriously 
  damaging 
  property 
  values 
  at 
  the 
  great 
  

   resorts 
  of 
  that 
  district. 
  The 
  use 
  of 
  Tarvia 
  was 
  

   so 
  successful 
  that 
  it 
  was 
  adopted 
  with 
  modifica- 
  

   tions 
  in 
  all 
  the 
  departments 
  of 
  France, 
  and 
  

   it 
  is 
  now 
  the 
  standard 
  method 
  of 
  preserving 
  

   macadam 
  roads 
  throughout 
  the 
  French 
  Re- 
  

   public. 
  

  

  