﻿XX 
  

  

  AMERICAN 
  HOMES 
  AND 
  GARDENS 
  

  

  July, 
  1907 
  

  

  ANY 
  BEAM 
  

  

  ABUTTING 
  ITS 
  SUPPORT 
  IS 
  

   BEST 
  HELD 
  ON 
  OUR 
  

  

  JOIST 
  

   HANGERS 
  

  

  cJTVlade 
  in 
  over 
  100 
  listed 
  

   sizes 
  and 
  any 
  modification 
  

   to 
  order. 
  

  

  LANE 
  BROS. 
  CO. 
  ( 
  

  

  The 
  Door 
  Hanger" 
  1 
  

   cTWanufacturers 
  

  

  434-466 
  PROSPECT 
  ST. 
  

   POUGHKEEPSIE, 
  N. 
  Y. 
  

  

  Cement 
  Concrete 
  

  

  Reinforced. 
  Concrete 
  

   Concrete 
  Building 
  Blocks 
  

  

  SCIENTIFIC 
  AMERICAN 
  SUPPLEMENT 
  

   '543 
  contains 
  an 
  article 
  on 
  Concrete, 
  by 
  

   Brysson 
  Cunningham. 
  The 
  article 
  clearly 
  

   describes 
  the 
  proper 
  composition 
  and 
  mixture 
  

   of 
  concrete 
  and 
  gives 
  the 
  results 
  of 
  elaborate 
  

   tests. 
  

  

  SCIENTIFIC 
  AMERICAN 
  SUPPLEMENT 
  

   1 
  538 
  gives 
  the 
  proportion 
  of 
  gravel 
  and 
  sand 
  

   to 
  be 
  used 
  in 
  concrete. 
  

  

  SCIENTIFIC 
  AMERICAN 
  SUPPLEMENTS 
  

   1567, 
  1568, 
  1569, 
  1570, 
  and 
  1571 
  contain 
  an 
  

   elaborate 
  discussion 
  by 
  Lieut. 
  Henry 
  J. 
  Jones 
  

   of 
  the 
  various 
  systems 
  of 
  reinforcing 
  con- 
  

   crete, 
  concrete 
  construction, 
  and 
  their 
  appli- 
  

   cations. 
  These 
  articles 
  constitute 
  a 
  splendid 
  

   text 
  book 
  on 
  the 
  subject 
  of 
  reinforced 
  con- 
  

   crete. 
  Nothing 
  better 
  has 
  been 
  published. 
  

  

  SCIENTIFIC 
  AMERICAN 
  SUPPLEMENT 
  

   997 
  contains 
  an 
  article 
  by 
  Spencer 
  Newberry 
  

   in 
  which 
  practical 
  notes 
  on 
  the 
  proper 
  prepa- 
  

   ration 
  of 
  concrete 
  are 
  given. 
  

  

  SCIENTIFIC 
  AMERICAN 
  SUPPLEMENTS 
  

   1568 
  and 
  1569 
  present 
  a 
  helpful 
  account 
  of 
  

   the 
  making 
  of 
  concrete 
  blocks 
  by 
  Spencer 
  

   Newberry. 
  

  

  SCIENTIFIC 
  AMERICAN 
  SUPPLEMENT 
  

   1 
  534 
  gives 
  a 
  critical 
  review 
  of 
  the 
  engineer- 
  

   ing 
  value 
  of 
  reinforced 
  concrete. 
  

  

  SCIENTIFIC 
  AMERICAN 
  SUPPLEMENTS 
  

   1547 
  and 
  1548 
  give 
  a 
  resume 
  in 
  which 
  the 
  

   various 
  systems 
  of 
  reinforced 
  concrete 
  con- 
  

   struction 
  are 
  discussed 
  and 
  illustrated. 
  

  

  SCIENTIFIC 
  AMERICAN 
  SUPPLEMENTS 
  

   1564 
  and 
  1565 
  contain 
  an 
  article 
  by 
  Lewis 
  

   A. 
  Hicks, 
  in 
  which 
  the 
  merits 
  and 
  defects 
  

   of 
  reinforced 
  concrete 
  are 
  analyzed. 
  

  

  SCIENTIFIC 
  AMERICAN 
  SUPPLEMENT 
  

   1551 
  contains 
  the 
  principles 
  of 
  reinforced 
  

   concrete 
  with 
  some 
  practical 
  illustrations 
  by 
  

   Walter 
  Loring 
  Webb. 
  

  

  SCIENTIFIC 
  AMERICAN 
  SUPPLEMENT 
  

   '573 
  contains 
  an 
  article 
  by 
  Louis 
  H. 
  Gibson 
  

   on 
  the 
  principles 
  of 
  success 
  in 
  concrete 
  block 
  

   manufacture, 
  illustrated. 
  

  

  SCIENTIFIC 
  AMERICAN 
  SUPPLEMENT 
  

   1574 
  discusses 
  steel 
  for 
  reinforced 
  concrete. 
  

  

  SCIENTIFIC 
  AMERICAN 
  SUPPLEMENTS 
  

   '575, 
  1576, 
  and 
  1577 
  contain 
  a 
  paper 
  by 
  

   Philip 
  L. 
  Wormley, 
  Jr., 
  on 
  cement 
  mortar 
  

   and 
  concrete, 
  their 
  preparation 
  and 
  use 
  for 
  

   farm 
  purposes. 
  The 
  paper 
  exhaustively 
  dis- 
  

   cusses 
  the 
  making 
  of 
  mortar 
  and 
  concrete, 
  

   depositing 
  of 
  concrete, 
  facing 
  concrete, 
  wood 
  

   forms, 
  concrete 
  sidewalks, 
  details 
  of 
  con- 
  

   struction 
  of 
  reinforced 
  concrete 
  posts, 
  etc. 
  

  

  SCIENTIFIC 
  AMERICAN 
  SUPPLEMENT 
  

   1372 
  contains 
  an 
  article 
  by 
  A. 
  D. 
  Elbers 
  on 
  

   tests 
  and 
  constitution 
  of 
  Portland 
  cement. 
  

  

  SCIENTIFIC 
  AMERICAN 
  SUPPLEMENT 
  

   1396 
  discusses 
  the 
  testing 
  of 
  cement. 
  

  

  SCIENTIFIC 
  AMERICAN 
  SUPPLEMENT 
  

   1325 
  contains 
  an 
  article 
  by 
  Professor 
  Will- 
  

   iam 
  K. 
  Hatt 
  giving 
  an 
  historical 
  sketch 
  of 
  

   slag 
  cement. 
  

  

  SCIENTIFIC 
  AMERICAN 
  SUPPLEMENTS 
  

   955 
  and 
  1042 
  give 
  good 
  accounts 
  of 
  cement 
  

   testing 
  and 
  composition, 
  by 
  the 
  well-known 
  

   authority, 
  Spencer 
  B. 
  Newberry. 
  

  

  SCIENTIFIC 
  AMERICAN 
  SUPPLEMENTS 
  

   1 
  5 
  10 
  and 
  1511 
  present 
  a 
  discussion 
  by 
  

   Clifford 
  Richardson 
  on 
  the 
  constitution 
  of 
  

   Portland 
  cement 
  from 
  a 
  physico-chemical 
  

   standpoint. 
  

  

  SCIENTIFIC 
  AMERICAN 
  SUPPLEMENT 
  

   1519 
  contains 
  an 
  essay 
  by 
  R. 
  C. 
  Carpenter 
  

   on 
  experiments 
  with 
  materials 
  which 
  retard 
  

   the 
  activity 
  of 
  Portland 
  cement. 
  

  

  SCIENTIFIC 
  AMERICAN 
  SUPPLEMENTS 
  

   1465 
  and 
  1466 
  publishes 
  an 
  exhaustive 
  illus- 
  

   trated 
  account 
  of 
  the 
  Edison 
  Portland 
  ce- 
  

   ment 
  works, 
  describing 
  the 
  machinery 
  used. 
  

  

  SCIENTIFIC 
  AMERICAN 
  SUPPLEMENT 
  

   1491 
  gives 
  some 
  fallacies 
  of 
  tests 
  ordinarily 
  

   applied 
  to 
  Portland 
  cement. 
  

  

  SCIENTIFIC 
  AMERICAN 
  SUPPLEMENT 
  

   1 
  56 
  1 
  presents 
  an 
  excellent 
  review 
  by 
  Brysson 
  

   Cunningham 
  of 
  mortars 
  and 
  cements. 
  

  

  SCIENTIFIC 
  AMERICAN 
  SUPPLEMENT 
  

   '533 
  contains 
  a 
  resume 
  of 
  the 
  cement 
  in- 
  

   dustry 
  and 
  gives 
  some 
  valuable 
  formulae. 
  

  

  SCIENTIFIC 
  AMERICAN 
  SUPPLEMENT 
  

   1575 
  discusses 
  the 
  manufacture 
  of 
  hydraulic 
  

   cement. 
  L. 
  L. 
  Stone 
  is 
  the 
  author. 
  

  

  SCIENTIFIC 
  AMERICAN 
  SUPPLEMENTS 
  

   1587 
  and 
  1588 
  contain 
  an 
  able 
  paper 
  by 
  

   Edwin 
  C. 
  Eckel 
  on 
  cement 
  material 
  and 
  

   industry 
  of 
  the 
  United 
  States. 
  

  

  SCIENTIFIC 
  AMERICAN 
  SUPPLEMENT 
  

   1586 
  contains 
  a 
  review 
  of 
  concrete 
  mixing 
  

   machinery 
  by 
  William 
  L. 
  Larkin. 
  

  

  SCIENTIFIC 
  AMERICAN 
  SUPPLEMENT 
  

   '583 
  gives 
  valuable 
  suggestions 
  on 
  the 
  selec- 
  

   tion 
  of 
  Portland 
  cement 
  for 
  concrete 
  blocks. 
  

  

  SCIENTIFIC 
  AMERICAN 
  SUPPLEMENT 
  

   1 
  58 
  1 
  splendidly 
  discusses 
  concrete 
  aggre- 
  

   gates. 
  A 
  helpful 
  paper. 
  

  

  SCIENTIFIC 
  AMERICAN 
  SUPPLEMENT 
  

   1595 
  presents 
  a 
  thorough 
  discussion 
  of 
  sand 
  

   for 
  mortar 
  and 
  concrete, 
  by 
  Sanford 
  E. 
  

   Thomson. 
  

  

  Each 
  number 
  of 
  the 
  Supplement 
  costs 
  10 
  cents. 
  A 
  set 
  of 
  papers 
  

   containing 
  all 
  the 
  articles 
  ahove 
  mentioned 
  will 
  be 
  mailed 
  for 
  $3.50 
  

  

  Order 
  from 
  your 
  Newsdealer 
  or 
  from 
  

  

  MUNN 
  & 
  COMPANY, 
  361 
  BROADWAY, 
  NEW 
  YORK 
  CITY 
  

  

  THE 
  PLUM 
  AS 
  A 
  SUBURBAN 
  

   FRUIT 
  

  

  By 
  E. 
  P. 
  Powell 
  

  

  EACH 
  fruit 
  takes 
  its 
  turn, 
  in 
  the 
  enthu- 
  

   siasms 
  of 
  pomologists. 
  We 
  are 
  just 
  now 
  

   in 
  the 
  plum 
  age, 
  and 
  are 
  overloaded 
  with 
  

   varieties, 
  highly 
  commended, 
  but 
  of 
  no 
  sort 
  of 
  

   value 
  to 
  the 
  ordinary 
  fruit-planter 
  and 
  home- 
  

   maker. 
  Several 
  hundred 
  varieties 
  are 
  cata- 
  

   logued 
  as 
  natives, 
  while 
  the 
  list 
  of 
  foreign 
  

   varieties 
  and 
  their 
  hybrids 
  is 
  also 
  growing 
  

   rapidly. 
  The 
  ambition 
  of 
  pomologists, 
  at 
  pres- 
  

   ent, 
  seems 
  to 
  be 
  to 
  increase 
  the 
  length 
  of 
  their 
  

   lists, 
  rather 
  than 
  to 
  eliminate 
  inferior 
  sorts. 
  

   In 
  New 
  England, 
  and 
  as 
  far 
  south 
  as 
  Mary- 
  

   land, 
  the 
  Domesticas 
  carry 
  the 
  day, 
  and 
  the 
  

   hybrids 
  are 
  gaining 
  favor. 
  We 
  have, 
  however, 
  

   a 
  few 
  orchards 
  which 
  contain 
  two 
  or 
  three 
  

   hundred 
  varieties 
  that 
  are 
  mostly 
  natives. 
  Our 
  

   fruit 
  catalogues 
  are 
  very 
  slowly 
  learning 
  to 
  

   eliminate 
  sorts 
  unfit 
  for 
  general 
  cultivation. 
  

  

  My 
  object 
  in 
  this 
  article 
  is 
  not 
  only 
  to 
  make 
  

   a 
  shorter 
  list, 
  such 
  as 
  almost 
  any 
  one 
  may 
  

   plant, 
  but 
  to 
  give 
  my 
  own 
  experience 
  with 
  

   such 
  as 
  I 
  have 
  tested. 
  Of 
  the 
  European 
  or 
  

   Domestica 
  sorts 
  I 
  begin 
  of 
  course 
  with 
  Green 
  

   Gage. 
  This 
  plum 
  has 
  never 
  been 
  surpassed, 
  

   either 
  in 
  quality 
  or 
  beauty; 
  but 
  to 
  secure 
  it 
  in 
  

   its 
  perfection 
  the 
  tree 
  must 
  stand 
  well 
  opened 
  

   to 
  the 
  sun 
  and 
  air. 
  It 
  is 
  one 
  of 
  the 
  most 
  long- 
  

   lived 
  varieties, 
  suckering 
  very 
  little, 
  and 
  giving 
  

   enormous 
  crops 
  annually. 
  Close 
  to 
  this 
  I 
  

   would 
  place 
  the 
  old 
  Magnum 
  Bonum 
  — 
  a 
  

   magnificent 
  plum 
  in 
  every 
  way; 
  but 
  here 
  again 
  

   your 
  tree 
  must 
  stand 
  well 
  open 
  to 
  the 
  sun. 
  It 
  

   is 
  necessary 
  to 
  have 
  some 
  variety, 
  like 
  Abund- 
  

   ance, 
  nearby, 
  to 
  pollenize 
  Magnum 
  Bonum, 
  or 
  

   you 
  will 
  get 
  but 
  meager 
  crops. 
  I 
  have 
  sold 
  

   eighteen 
  dollars' 
  worth 
  from 
  one 
  tree 
  in 
  one 
  

   year. 
  Both 
  varieties 
  must 
  be 
  well 
  ripened 
  on 
  

   the 
  tree, 
  and 
  they 
  require 
  a 
  near 
  market. 
  For 
  

   enormous 
  crops 
  and 
  general 
  adaptability, 
  

   Bleecker 
  stands 
  at 
  the 
  head 
  ; 
  also 
  as 
  a 
  cooking 
  

   plum 
  it 
  is 
  unsurpassed, 
  but 
  as 
  a 
  plum 
  to 
  eat 
  

   out 
  of 
  hand 
  it 
  is 
  quite 
  second 
  in 
  rank. 
  Coe's 
  

   Golden 
  Drop 
  comes 
  after 
  Bleecker, 
  as 
  that 
  

   follows 
  Magnum 
  Bonum 
  and 
  Green 
  Gage. 
  

   It 
  is 
  a 
  very 
  superior 
  yellow 
  plum 
  of 
  medium 
  

   size, 
  giving 
  immense 
  crops, 
  on 
  tall, 
  hardy 
  

   trees. 
  Later 
  than 
  these 
  comes 
  the 
  Grand 
  

   Duke, 
  a 
  splendid 
  prune-like 
  plum, 
  hanging 
  on 
  

   until 
  cold 
  weather. 
  With 
  this 
  we 
  have 
  an- 
  

   other 
  of 
  the 
  Green 
  Gage 
  sort, 
  called 
  the 
  Reine 
  

   Claude, 
  rich 
  and 
  excellent 
  for 
  either 
  cooking 
  

   or 
  eating 
  from 
  hand. 
  Among 
  the 
  very 
  finest 
  

   of 
  the 
  varieties 
  to 
  supplement 
  these 
  are 
  Jeffer- 
  

   son, 
  Quackenboss, 
  Victoria, 
  Pond, 
  Monarch 
  

   and 
  Diamond. 
  With 
  this 
  list 
  I 
  think 
  you 
  will 
  

   have 
  all 
  of 
  the 
  Domesticas 
  that 
  you 
  need, 
  un- 
  

   less 
  you 
  add 
  Bradshaw 
  as 
  a 
  companion 
  for 
  

   Magnum 
  Bonum. 
  These 
  are 
  all 
  large 
  plums, 
  

   of 
  superb 
  growth 
  and 
  appearance. 
  The 
  Vic- 
  

   toria 
  is 
  a 
  brilliant 
  red, 
  and 
  Pond 
  a 
  rich 
  violet. 
  

   Monarch 
  is 
  enormously 
  large 
  and 
  of 
  a 
  dark 
  

   purplish 
  blue, 
  and 
  very 
  late 
  in 
  ripening. 
  Dia- 
  

   mond 
  is 
  one 
  of 
  the 
  largest, 
  best 
  and 
  most 
  beau- 
  

   tiful. 
  Shropshire 
  Damson 
  should 
  be 
  added 
  

   as 
  the 
  best 
  of 
  that 
  section, 
  medium 
  size, 
  dark 
  

   purple 
  and 
  very 
  productive. 
  

  

  Of 
  Mr. 
  Burbank's 
  productions 
  and 
  intro- 
  

   ductions 
  I 
  have 
  tested 
  a 
  large 
  number. 
  Red 
  

   June 
  ripens 
  in 
  July, 
  and 
  has 
  not 
  been 
  over- 
  

   praised. 
  It 
  is 
  a 
  vigorous 
  grower, 
  very 
  pro- 
  

   ductive 
  and 
  of 
  fair 
  quality. 
  Climax 
  I 
  have 
  

   not 
  yet 
  ripened, 
  but 
  the 
  growth 
  is 
  upright, 
  

   strong, 
  and 
  the 
  fruit 
  is 
  said 
  to 
  be 
  four 
  times 
  

   as 
  large 
  as 
  Burbank, 
  looking 
  much 
  like 
  an 
  or- 
  

   dinary 
  peach. 
  Shiro 
  ripens 
  in 
  early 
  August, 
  

   bearing 
  a 
  most 
  beautiful 
  plum, 
  large 
  in 
  size, 
  

   clear 
  light 
  yellow, 
  with 
  a 
  transparent 
  skin. 
  

   The 
  quality 
  is 
  a 
  sub-acid, 
  and 
  the 
  flesh 
  is 
  firm 
  

   as 
  well 
  as 
  juicy. 
  I 
  like 
  this 
  plum 
  very 
  much 
  

   indeed. 
  The 
  Burbank, 
  an 
  introduction 
  from 
  

   Japan, 
  follows 
  a 
  little 
  later, 
  and 
  carries 
  itself 
  

  

  