﻿314 
  

  

  AMERICAN 
  HOMES 
  AND 
  GARDENS 
  

  

  August, 
  1907 
  

  

  of 
  a 
  variable 
  period 
  of 
  time 
  and 
  suddenly 
  discharge 
  definite 
  

   quantities 
  of 
  water 
  on 
  the 
  bed 
  at 
  regular 
  intervals. 
  This 
  

   very 
  simple 
  apparatus, 
  which 
  is 
  much 
  less 
  costly 
  than 
  those 
  

   described 
  above, 
  gives 
  excellent 
  results. 
  The 
  purification 
  is 
  

   perfect 
  and 
  the 
  output 
  exceeds 
  three 
  cubic 
  feet 
  per 
  square 
  foot 
  

   per 
  day. 
  

  

  These 
  biological 
  methods 
  have 
  been 
  applied 
  in 
  recent 
  

   years 
  to 
  factory 
  waste 
  as 
  well 
  as 
  to 
  sewage. 
  In 
  many 
  cases, 
  

   however, 
  substances 
  that 
  would 
  prevent 
  the 
  bacterial 
  action 
  

   must 
  first 
  be 
  removed 
  by 
  a 
  chemical 
  process. 
  

  

  From 
  all 
  the 
  above 
  it 
  appears 
  that 
  the 
  choice 
  of 
  a 
  method 
  

   of 
  purification 
  should 
  be 
  influenced 
  by 
  the 
  chemical 
  com- 
  

   position 
  of 
  the 
  water 
  to 
  be 
  treated, 
  its 
  quantity 
  and 
  the 
  

   nature 
  of 
  the 
  ground 
  on 
  which 
  the 
  purification 
  is 
  to 
  be 
  ef- 
  

   fected. 
  On 
  reviewing 
  the 
  merits 
  and 
  demerits 
  of 
  the 
  various 
  

   systems 
  it 
  appears 
  evident 
  that 
  chemical 
  methods 
  should 
  be 
  

   reserved 
  for 
  factory 
  wastes 
  heavily 
  charged 
  with 
  grease, 
  

   dyes 
  or 
  antiseptics. 
  Irrigation 
  of 
  cultivated 
  land 
  with 
  sewage 
  

   is 
  suitable 
  only 
  for 
  cities 
  near 
  which 
  very 
  large 
  tracts 
  of 
  

   porous 
  soil 
  can 
  be 
  obtained 
  cheaply, 
  for 
  the 
  yield, 
  by 
  this 
  

  

  method, 
  is 
  only 
  about 
  .01 
  cubic 
  foot 
  per 
  square 
  foot 
  per 
  day. 
  

   Intermittent 
  filtration, 
  which 
  yields 
  a 
  maximum 
  of 
  .14 
  cubic 
  

   foot 
  per 
  square 
  foot 
  per 
  day, 
  should 
  be 
  reserved 
  for 
  cities 
  

   which 
  have 
  in 
  their 
  vicinity 
  sandy 
  plains 
  unfit 
  for 
  cultivation. 
  

   When 
  none 
  of 
  these 
  three 
  systems 
  seems 
  applicable, 
  which 
  

   is 
  very 
  often 
  the 
  case, 
  recourse 
  must 
  be 
  had 
  to 
  biological 
  

   methods. 
  If 
  the 
  volume 
  of 
  water 
  to 
  be 
  purified 
  is 
  very 
  great 
  

   and 
  the 
  available 
  space 
  is 
  not 
  very 
  small 
  preference 
  should 
  

   be 
  given 
  to 
  the 
  intermittent 
  or 
  double 
  contact 
  system, 
  which 
  

   works 
  with 
  great 
  regularity 
  and 
  requires 
  no 
  machinery. 
  It 
  

   does 
  require, 
  however, 
  a 
  fall 
  of 
  about 
  eight 
  feet 
  from 
  the 
  

   inlet 
  of 
  the 
  septic 
  fosses 
  to 
  the 
  outlet 
  of 
  the 
  second 
  bacterial 
  

   bed. 
  The 
  yield 
  is 
  1.6 
  cubic 
  feet 
  per 
  square 
  foot 
  per 
  day. 
  

   If 
  the 
  volume 
  of 
  water 
  to 
  be 
  treated 
  is 
  not 
  very 
  great 
  and 
  

   the 
  site 
  and 
  height 
  of 
  fall 
  are 
  limited, 
  one 
  of 
  the 
  continuous 
  

   or 
  percolating 
  systems 
  may 
  be 
  employed. 
  The 
  fall 
  required 
  

   is 
  about 
  six 
  feet 
  and 
  the 
  yield 
  is 
  about 
  3.3 
  cubic 
  feet 
  per 
  

   square 
  foot 
  per 
  day. 
  This 
  system 
  is 
  especially 
  desirable 
  for 
  

   small 
  towns 
  and 
  for 
  barracks, 
  schools, 
  hospitals 
  and 
  other 
  

   public 
  institutions. 
  

  

  The 
  Summer 
  Home 
  of 
  E. 
  C. 
  Richardson, 
  Esq. 
  

  

  Concluded 
  from 
  page 
  303 
  

  

  tea-table 
  of 
  the 
  same 
  make, 
  and 
  is 
  brightened 
  by 
  pots 
  of 
  

   flowering 
  plants. 
  It 
  is 
  one 
  of 
  the 
  most 
  delightful 
  spots 
  in 
  

   the 
  house. 
  

  

  The 
  garden 
  below 
  is 
  an 
  English 
  formal 
  one, 
  inclosed 
  by 
  

   a 
  retaining 
  wall 
  of 
  stone. 
  It 
  was 
  laid 
  out 
  under 
  the 
  super- 
  

   vision 
  of 
  Ernest 
  Bowditch. 
  The 
  central 
  feature 
  is 
  a 
  broad 
  

   reach 
  of 
  unbroken 
  sward. 
  Around 
  this 
  is 
  a 
  bricked 
  and 
  

   terraced 
  walk, 
  with 
  a 
  band 
  of 
  sward 
  around 
  its 
  outer 
  edge, 
  

   outlined 
  by 
  a 
  smooth 
  row 
  of 
  dwarf 
  box, 
  for 
  which 
  border 
  it 
  

   is 
  interesting 
  to 
  know 
  that 
  no 
  less 
  than 
  seven 
  hundred 
  and 
  

   twenty-five 
  individual 
  plants 
  were 
  required. 
  A 
  row 
  of 
  five 
  

   bay 
  trees 
  stands 
  along 
  the 
  side 
  of 
  the 
  walk, 
  three 
  others 
  

   trained 
  to 
  a 
  pyramidal 
  form 
  are 
  the 
  sentinels 
  of 
  the 
  op- 
  

   posite 
  boundary. 
  This 
  garden 
  is 
  semi-circular 
  at 
  the 
  end. 
  

   In 
  the 
  curved 
  portion 
  the 
  brick 
  wall 
  has 
  been 
  extended 
  around 
  

   a 
  small 
  part 
  of 
  the 
  sward, 
  in 
  the 
  center 
  of 
  which 
  stands 
  a 
  

   small 
  sun-dial 
  surrounded 
  by 
  herbaceous 
  plants. 
  At 
  either 
  

   end 
  of 
  the 
  entrance 
  to 
  the 
  garden 
  and 
  adjoining 
  the 
  house 
  

   are 
  the 
  flower 
  beds, 
  one 
  of 
  scarlet 
  geraniums. 
  The 
  trellises 
  

   at 
  the 
  sides 
  of 
  the 
  porch 
  are 
  covered 
  with 
  wistaria, 
  honey- 
  

   suckle 
  and 
  other 
  flowering 
  vines. 
  

  

  At 
  the 
  left 
  one 
  passes 
  down 
  stone 
  steps 
  to 
  the 
  rose 
  garden, 
  

   which 
  is 
  laid 
  out 
  into 
  formal 
  beds. 
  Most 
  of 
  these 
  are 
  bril- 
  

   liant 
  with 
  wealth 
  of 
  blossoms. 
  At 
  the 
  end 
  are 
  golden 
  glows, 
  

   marigolds, 
  phlox, 
  zinnias, 
  and 
  mignonette. 
  The 
  border 
  

   nearest 
  to 
  the 
  wall 
  is 
  occupied 
  by 
  a 
  bed 
  of 
  iris, 
  while 
  at 
  each 
  

   side 
  of 
  the 
  steps 
  are 
  white 
  Lawson 
  and 
  yellow 
  rambler 
  

   roses. 
  At 
  the 
  farther 
  end 
  is 
  a 
  trellised 
  seat, 
  over 
  which 
  vines 
  

   are 
  being 
  trained; 
  already, 
  though 
  it 
  is 
  only 
  the 
  second 
  year 
  

   of 
  their 
  growth, 
  they 
  are 
  becoming 
  luxurious. 
  The 
  inner 
  

   garden 
  of 
  roses 
  is 
  inclosed 
  by 
  a 
  trellised 
  fence 
  in 
  green 
  and 
  

   white, 
  along 
  the 
  outside 
  of 
  which 
  extends 
  a 
  long 
  row 
  of 
  

   hollyhocks, 
  Dutchman's 
  pipe 
  and 
  carmine 
  pillar 
  roses. 
  The 
  

   rose 
  beds 
  at 
  the 
  left 
  contain 
  hybrid 
  and 
  perpetual 
  roses 
  

   planted 
  in 
  five 
  rows, 
  each 
  two 
  shrubs 
  being 
  two 
  feet 
  apart. 
  

   The 
  beds 
  on 
  the 
  right 
  contain 
  also 
  fifty-nine 
  hybrid 
  per- 
  

   petual 
  rose 
  shrubs 
  in 
  five 
  rows 
  and 
  a 
  number 
  of 
  sweetbriar 
  

   roses. 
  During 
  the 
  season 
  of 
  their 
  blossoming 
  the 
  beauty 
  and 
  

   fragrance 
  of 
  such 
  a 
  garden 
  as 
  this 
  can 
  be 
  more 
  easily 
  

   imagined 
  than 
  described. 
  Altogether 
  the 
  house 
  and 
  its 
  

   grounds 
  deserve 
  to 
  be 
  considered 
  examples 
  of 
  graceful 
  arch- 
  

   itecture 
  and 
  tasteful 
  landscape 
  gardening. 
  

  

  