Vlll 



AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 



May, 1 9 1 3 



The Power of Silent Service 



If the crowd on the stock exchange 

 kept quiet and let one man talk, that 

 man could be heard in every corner 

 of the room. But the shouting mem- 

 bers produce a composite of sound, 

 so that no one trader is understood 

 except by a small group around a 

 particular trading post 



If everyone were able to shout 

 twice as loud, the result would be only 

 a greater noise, and less intelligible. 



For communication to be universal 

 there must be silent transmission. In 

 a noisy stock exchange where the 

 voice, unaided, cannot be understood 

 across the room, there are hundreds 

 of telephones which carry speech 

 half way across the continent. 



American Telephone an 



The telephone converts the spoken 

 words into silent electrical impulses. 



In a single Bell telephone cable, a 

 hundred conversations can be carried 

 side by side without interference, and 

 then distributed to as many different 

 cities and towns throughout the land. 

 Each conversation is led through a 

 system of wire pathways to its 

 proper destination, and whispers its 

 message into a waiting ear. 



Silent transmission and the inter- 

 connecting lines of the Bell System 

 are indispensable for universal tele- 

 phone service. 



Without such service, our cities 

 would beslowof speech and theStates 

 would be less closely knit together. 



d Telegraph Company 



And Associated Companies 



Everv Bell Telephone is the Centre of the System 



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Name Street 



Town State 



stone walls both inside and out with snow 

 white cement. At one end a series of steps 

 was built. Due provision was made for 

 filling and draining the space and the result 

 is a swimming pool, the cost of which was 

 out of all proportion to the pleasure and 

 helpful recreation which its use affords. 

 Later on the pool was covered with glass 

 being enclosed in a structure not unlike a 

 conservatory. A space of some six feet 

 extended on all sides of the pool, spread 

 with mats and arranged with cane chairs 

 and settees where the people take sun baths, 

 and this pool which is now used twelve 

 months during the year is one of the most 

 attractive features of a wonderfully inter- 

 esting estate. 



The possessor of a swimming pool may 

 go during the first fresh hours of a Sum- 

 mer morning into a spot where high walls of 

 glowing greenery surround a pool filled with 

 fresh, clear water. A plunge into its cool 

 depths will immediately refresh and in- 

 vigorate, and bring into action every energy 

 of the body. Those most enthusiastic re- 

 garding home swimming pools are those 

 who are fortunate possessors and their ex- 

 piession of satisfaction based on experience 

 should be incentive to owners of country 

 homes everywhere, especially in suburbs 

 where their is ample space for such an 

 occasion of everlasting enjoyment for all 

 members of the family both large and small. 



THE PALETTE OF THE ILLUMIN- 

 ATOR FROM THE SEVENTH 

 TO THE END OF THE FIF- 

 TEENTH CENTURY 



IN the opening lecture given at the Royal 

 Academy of Arts last year, Dr. Laurie, 

 according to an article in Nature, dealt 

 with the question of the history of the pig- 

 ments used at various times by painters, 

 bringing together such information as could 

 be obtained by a literary inquiry. Since 

 then he has made an examination with the 

 microscope of a large number of illuminated 

 manuscripts at the British Museum, the 

 Advocates' Library, Edinburgh, and the 

 Edinburgh University Library, from the 

 seventh to the end of the fifteenth cen- 

 tury. The result of this examination has 

 made it possible to identify the larger num- 

 ber of pigments used, and classify them 

 according to the centuries and according to 

 different countries, Byzantine, Irish, 

 French, English, Italian, and German man- 

 uscripts having been examined. 



The general results are to show that dur- 

 ing these centuries the palette was prac- 

 tically confined to vermillion, whether nat- 

 ural or artificial, red lead, orpiment, ultra- 

 marine and ultramarine ash, azurite, mala- 

 chite, natural and artificial, verdigris, lakes, 

 and preparations of the nature of Tyrian 

 purple, with the addition of a remarkable 

 transparent green used from the eighth to 

 the fourteenth century, which owes its pig- 

 mentary value to copper, although it has 

 not been possible to determine exactly the 

 nature of the compound. A green closely 

 resembling it in appearance and properties 

 can, _ however, be prepared by dissolving 

 verdigris in Canada balsam or other semi- 

 liquid pine resins. In no case were any 

 specimens of the Egyptian blue which was 

 used so largely in classical times found on 

 the manuscripts. It therefore seems prob- 

 able that the method of manufacture of this 

 copper silicate was lost before the seventh 

 century. 



In addition to these pigments, earth 

 colors were occasionally used, and there are 

 rarely present some pigments which it is 

 difficult to classify. The lake used after 

 the thirteenth century is closely matched by 



