2l8 



AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 



June, 1913 



a pi 



"Farmers' Arms" pitcher "Hunting Scene" pitcher 



great advance in this work was made 

 by Richard Chaffers, who had been ap- 

 prenticed to Shaw, and who erected 

 small works on Shaw's Brow, making 

 Delft ware which was exported to 

 America. Incited by Wedgewood's 

 success, he strove to outdo him in the 

 grace and artistic beauty of his pro- 

 ductions, and while he did not suc- 

 ceed in this, yet he did succeed in mak- 

 ing better ware than any of the potters 

 at Liverpool had been able to make 

 before. 



Another manufacturer of this Liver- 

 pool ware was Seth Pennington, whose 

 works were on Copperas Hill. Re- 

 moving to Worcester, one of his sons 

 painted a dinner service for 

 the Duke of York. 



The decorative features 

 on the Liverpool cream ware 

 are unusually varied, cover- 

 ing a great many subjects. 

 There are those ornamented 

 with ships, or nautical de- 

 signs which proved a bait for 

 the sailors, who bought them 

 in large quantities, to bring 

 home as souvenirs. Biblical 

 designs were also used — the 

 Woman of Samaria, and 

 David and Goliath, being 

 represented. Masonic de- 

 vices are found, one of these, 

 a cream-colored bowl, show- 

 ing the portrait of Sir G. 

 Bridges Rodney, Bt., Rear 

 Admiral of England. These 

 pieces were very popular, 

 and were used by the differ- 

 ent lodges, having emblems 

 and also initials of the indi- 

 vidual owners placed upon 

 them. They were used in 

 public and in the home. One 

 of the most elaborate has the 

 following inscription : 



"The mysteries which here are 

 shown, 

 Are only to a Mason known." 



There are also plates with 

 Masonic emblems, and a few 



"The 



JefTer 



"George Washington" Liverpool pitcher 



pitcher "Pastoral View" pitcher 



teapots. The various Arms jugs were 

 also very popular, there being the 

 farmer's arms, the blacksmith's, the 

 baker's, the butcher's, the ironwork- 

 er's, besides many others. They were 

 made for the members of the different 

 guilds which at one time numbered 

 over one hundred, and had the largest 

 sale, probably, of any pieces made. 



Each of these arms' jugs was differ- 

 ently decorated, a very handsome 

 cream-colored jug having on one side 

 the cord-wainer's arms, while on the 

 other was a sailor's return. The 

 cord-wainers were in themselves a 

 very flourishing society in Liverpool, 

 and it was their custom to have an an- 



nual procession each year in 



the town. 



It must be remembered 

 when dealing with this kind 

 of ware that pottery was not 

 made in America until after 

 the close of the Revolution, 

 and the colonists were forced 

 to rely upon England not 

 only for her special pieces, 

 but for her designs. The en- 

 gravers produced an infinite 

 variety of designs and these 

 were used indiscriminately by 

 the transfer printers. 

 Wedgewood had brought to 

 them a great many charming 

 ideas in the way of nature 

 and landscape studies. These 

 added to his own ideas, gave 

 him a distinctive place in the 

 designing of Liverpool 

 pieces, where landscapes were 

 so constantly in demand. 



At this time there was a 

 great change in the designs 

 sent to our country. Instead 

 of crests, coats of arms, and 

 nautical ideas, came in pic- 

 tures of famous men and his- 

 toric events. The English 

 were not always correct in 

 their representations, how- 

 ever, as is shown by the num- 

 (Continued on page 225) 



