16 



CIRCULAR 303, U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 



SCHOHARIE AND LOCKPORT SOILS 



Other soils belonging to group 2 having tight or imperfectly 

 drained subsoils are the Schoharie silty clay loam, a dull-red heavy 

 silty clay loam, and the Lockport silty clay loam, developed largely 

 from the weathering of dull-red shale. Both soils have been used to 

 some extent for orchard planting, but results have been unsatis- 

 factory. 



GROUP 3, DARK-COLORED POORLY DRAINED SOILS 

 GRAXBY SOILS 



Soils of group 3 have a dark grayish-brown or nearly black surface 

 soil, a light-gray or nearly white subsoil highly mottled with rust 

 brown in the lower part of the layer, and a deep subsoil which is 

 somewhat variable. In much of this district, the subsoil consists of 



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+ 



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1 



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+ M + 1 T;>r 1 



— 11 4 v *y \ , 1 



+ 



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 1 

 1 ^ 'i 



1 1 



1 1 

 1 1 



1 1 



-'.!„ 611M L- — ! 



— 





1 "~s' 





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 / / 



/ / 





Figure 4. 



-Small section of soil map of the Hilton area showing how the dark-colored soils, indicated 

 within the dotted lines, extend into apple orchards, indicated by +. 



light-brown or reddish-brown fine sandy loam or fine sand. In 

 places, however, rust-brown fine sandy clay is reached at slight 

 depths, and in some places till is found in the deep subsoil. In 

 much of this district these sods are alkaline from the surface down- 

 ward. 



Soils of this kind, which belong principally to the Granby series, 

 are entirely unsuited for orchards. Because of then occurrence in 

 small bodies in association with better soils they have, however, been 

 used for this purpose rather extensively. In many orchards, they 

 are confined to a few narrow strips or to small isolated spots, but in 

 varying amounts they occur in nearly every orchard of the district. 



On such soils many trees have grown to large size but have, as a 

 rule, become unproductive and died prematurely. 



A plot of the trees in almost any orchard of this district will show 

 that the sick and missing trees were planted on soils of this kind,, 



