SOIL PROFILE AND ROOT PENETRATION BY APPLE TREES \j 



Table 1 gives the complete chemical analyses and pH values of one 

 soil from each of the three soil groups. 



Table 1. — Chemical analyses and pH values of typical soils in each of the three 



orchard-soil groups 



BERRIEN FINE SANDY LOAM, GROUP 1, WELL-DRAINED SOILS 



























o 







§1 





Sample no. 



« 



6 



6 



6 







O 



o 



O 

 bo 



O 



O 



I 



6 



6 



in 



a 



'3 



iJ3 



o 



£ 



a 

 o 



H 





In. 



Pet. 



Pet. 



Pet. 



Pet. 



Pet. 



Pet. 



Pet. 



Pet. 



Pet. 



Pet. 



Pet. 



Pet. 



Prf. 



Ptf. 



Prt. 





36612 



0-4 



75.68 



0. 63 



9.12 



2.89 



0. 05 



1.07 



0.71 



1.48 



1.33 



0.17 



0.17 



6.37 



99.67 



0.184 





6.12 



36613 



36614 



4-12 

 12-30 



77. 63 

 76.05 



.68 

 .70 



9.59 

 11.28 



3. 10 

 4.06 



.05 

 .10 



.81 

 .96 



1.72 

 1.03 



1.57 

 1.97 



1.50 

 1.48 



.13 



.17 



.11 

 .13 



3.92 

 1.94 



100. 81 

 99.87 



.094 

 .013 





5 ^ 





6.72 



36615 



30-60 



66.98 



.78 



13.68 



5.14 



.13 



2.97 



1.80 



2.74 



1.48 



.17 



.11 



4.41 



100. 39 



. 027 



1.40 



7.93 



36616 



60-84 



56.51 



.86 



13.67 



5.37 



.09 



8.06 



2.45 



2.88 



1.22 



.20 



.12 



8.94 



100. 37 



.025 



5.66 



7.72 



POYGAN SILTY CLAY LOAM, GROUP 2, IMPERFECTLY DRAINED SOILS 



36617 



0-5 



74.36 



0.73 



9.93 



3. 58 



0.10 



1.07 



0.82 



1.79 



1.70 



0.17 



0.14 



5.85 



100. 24 



0.180 





6.65 



36618 



5-13 



75. 38 



.72 



11.07 



4.40 



.15 



.98 



.93 



1.76 



1.55 



.18 



.09 



2.82 



100. 03 



.030 





6.33 



36619 



13-22 



65.01 



.81 



15.86 



6.35 



. 12 



1.39 



2.06 



2.77 



1.32 



.19 



.10 



3.76 



99.74 



.030 





7.23 



36620 



22-36 



52.45 



. /o 



13. 36 



5.30 



.10 



10. 53 



2.79 



2.58 



1.11 



.17 



.11 



11. 03 



100. 28 



. 020 



8.27 



8. 03 



36621 



36-42 



64. 55 



. ti 



10.27 



3.58 



.08 



,« 



2.26 



2.00 



1.62 



.17 



.09 



7.25 



99.95 



.007 



5.66 



8.63 



GRANBY LOAM. GROUP 3, POORLY DRAINED SOILS 



36602.. 

 36603 .. 

 36604_ . 

 36605.. 



0-11 

 11-14 

 14-24 

 24-36 

 36-48 



74.00 

 81.02 

 80.45 

 75. 41 

 57. 15 



0.62 



.48 

 .48 

 .61 



10.02 

 9.30 

 9.64 

 11.00 

 13.94 



2.50 

 2.10 

 2.28 

 3.03 

 6.85 



0.04 1.77 

 .04 1.47 

 .05 1.46 

 .08 1.85 

 . 12 6. 17 



'.32 



1.72 

 1.65 

 1.65 

 2.02 

 3.06 



1.50 

 1.53 

 1.45 

 1.75 

 1.35 



0.18 

 .12 

 .12 

 .16 

 .21 



0.16 

 .08 

 .07 

 .08 

 .12 



6.83 

 1.04 

 1.03 

 2.24 



100. 21 

 99.63 

 99.52 

 99.61 

 99.77 



0. 245 

 .019 

 .012 

 .015 

 .032 



0.88 

 4.49 



7.65 

 8.12 

 8.33 

 8.79 

 8.20 



In the soil of group 1 the nearly insoluble silica (Si0 2 ) decreases 

 from near the surface downward, and the more soluble iron (Fe 2 3 ) and 

 ahimina (A1 2 3 ) show a corresponding increase. In the soil of group 2 

 the silica (Si0 2 ) is least abundant in the 22- to 36-inch layer, and the 

 iron (Fe 2 3 ) and alumina (A1 2 3 ) show an almost regular curve with 

 maximum concentration in the 13- to 22-inch layer, the highest con- 

 centration of lime (CaO) being in the 22- to 36-inch layer. In the soil 

 of group 3 the silica (Si0 2 ) is concentrated in the 11- to 14-inch layer, 

 and the iron (Fe 2 3 ) and alumina (A1 2 3 ), on the other hand, are low- 

 est in the white leached 11- to 14-inch layer and have their maximum 

 concentration in the 36- to 48-inch layer, in this case probably owing to 

 heavy parent material at this depth. 



Table 2 gives the mechanical analyses of one soil from each of the 

 three groups. 



As shown in table 2, fine sand predominates in all layers in the 

 soil of group 1 (Berrien loamy fine sand) and silt and clay are fairly 

 uniformly distributed. In the soil of group 2 (Poygan silty clay loam) 

 silt and clay predominate, and a very heavy concentration of clay, 

 much of which is colloidal clay, is found between depths of 13 and 36 

 inches. Very fine sand predominates in the soil of group 3 (Granby 

 loam), with silt ranking next. Between depths of 11 and 24 inches 

 there is only a trace of clay, this being practically all colloidal clay. 

 The heavy silt and clay in the 36- to 48-inch layer is slightly weathered 

 parent material. 



13123°— 33 2 



