ponds or as sandy swamps in various stages of development. No 

 attempt will be made to analyze the various stages in the plant succes- 

 sion from the open water to the forest, but some of the most character- 

 istic plants of the later stages are included in the list. The plants of 

 the open water and earlier swamp stages may be found listed under 

 aquatic associations. The earliest shrubs are commonly the willows 

 and they appear to be succeeded by a forest in which the poplars, pines, 

 red maple, and sour gum are important members. Such transitional 

 associations from the swamp to the dune find their best expression at 

 Miller and Dune Park, Ind. 



(7 

 (4: 

 (4 

 (7 



(4 



(4 



(4 



(4 



(3,4 



(2,3, 



(2, 3, 4 



(3, 4, 5 



(8: 



(8: 



(3 



(3* 



(5 



(8,7 



(6 



(6: 



(6* 

 (6 

 (6 



(7* 



(6* 



(6* 



(6 



(5,6 



(6*, 



(5*, 6 



7 



Dune and Upland Plants^ — Trees and Shrubs 



Taxus canadensis Marsh., American yew. 

 Pinus Strohus L., white pine. 



" Banksiana Lamb., Jack pine. 

 Tsuga canadensis Carr., hemlock. 

 Thuja occidentalis L., Arbor vitae. 

 Juniperus communis L., common juniper. 

 " virginiana L., red cedar. 

 " horizontalis Moench., prostrate juniper. 

 Salix longifoUa Muhl., long-leaved willow. 

 " syrticola Fernald, glandular willow. 

 " glaucophylla Bebb, glaucous willow. 

 " humilis Marsh., prairie willow. 

 Populus tremuloides Michx., American aspen. 



" grandidentata Michx,, large-toothed aspen. 



" balsamifera L., balsam poplar. 



" deltoides Marsh., cottonwood. 

 Myrica asplenifolia L., sweet fern. 

 Juglans cinerea L., butternut. 

 Carya ovata (Mill) K. Koch., shag-bark hickory {u). 



" cordiformis (Wang.) K. Koch., bitter-nut hickory {u). 

 Corylus americana Walt., hazelnut {u). 

 Ostrya virginiana K. Koch., hop-hornbeam (w). 

 Car pinus caroliniana Walt., water-beech or blue beech (w). 

 Fagus grandifolia Ehrh., beech. 

 Quercus alba L., white oak. 



" macrocarpa Michx., bur oak (u). 



" imhricaria Michx., shingle oak {u). 



" Muhlenhergii Engelm., chestnut oak. 



" rubra L., red oak. 



" velutina Lam., black oak. 

 Ulmus fulva Michx., slippery elm. 



" americana L., American elm. 



■/^ 



(6, 

 (6, 7, 8 

 ' The numerals preceding the names indicate the association or associations, outlined in the fore 



go)ng paragraphs, in which the 

 indicated by an asterisk (*), while 

 following the common name. 



plant is usually found. Dominant or very abundant species are 

 species commonly found upon the uplands only are indicated by (m) 



