342 



AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 



November, 1905 



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produced by photography in an admirable 

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English table glass is practically an art of 

 the eighteenth century. Few glasses of the 

 sixteenth and seventeenth centuries have sur- 

 vived to our day; the earliest known glasses of 

 English origin are but three in number and 

 date from the reign of Queen Elizabeth. It 

 is probable that these were exceptional ex- 

 amples only, and Mr. Bate begins his subject, 

 therefore, with glasses made in England be- 

 tween 1670 and 1700. Discarding any elab- 

 orate system of classification, he groups the 

 glasses of the eighteenth century into five 

 classes, basing his classification on the stems. 

 Arranging these in chronological order he has: 

 1. Baluster Stem; 2. Plain Stem; 3. Air-twist 

 Stem; 4. White-twist Stem, and 5. Cut Stem. 

 This is a general classification only, for there 

 are, of course, many variations, overlappings 

 and offshoots. 



In the earliest group the under edge of the 

 foot is turned or folded back on itself all 

 round, the fold being from a quarter to a half 

 inch wide. In the center, where the work- 

 man's pontil was snapped off when the glass 

 was completed, is a rough and sharp-edged ex- 

 crescence. This folded foot is highly char- 

 acteristic of the first three classes, but is very 

 rarely found with white twists or cut stems, 



In the feet of the second class the fold has 

 been abandoned, but the rough pontil mark is 

 retained. In the third the pontil mark has 

 been polished away on the wheel, leaving a 

 very smooth, saucer-shaped depression. 



The bowl, as well as the stem, has been the 

 means of classifying these glasses, and Mr. 

 Bate adopts Mr. Hartshorne's classification 

 of this kind, supplementing it with some 

 further shapes from his own observation. 

 From this point of view glasses may be classi- 

 fied as drawn, bell, waisted bell, straight- 

 sided, straight-sided rectangular, ovoid, ogee, 

 lipped ogee, double ogee, waisted. 



With these preliminary observations, the 

 author proceeds to describe the various k : nds of 

 glasses — wine glasses, ale and other tall glasses, 

 goblets, rummers, cider, dram and spirit 

 glasses, candlesticks, decanters, sweetmeat 

 glasses, trailed pieces and others — while short 

 chapters are added on methods of decoration, 

 frauds, fakes and forgeries, inscribed and his- 

 toric glasses. A brief note on foreign glass is 

 added as a necessary supplement. The in- 

 formation given as to the dates of glass is 

 somewhat scanty, and is the one aspect of the 

 book that is most open to criticism. But it is 

 thoroughly interesting as a whole, and an ex- 

 cellent guide to the subject of English table 

 glass. 



The Orchard and Fruit Garden 



The Orchard and Fruit Garden. By 

 E. P. Powell. New York: McClure, 

 Phillips & Co., 1905. The Country 

 Home Library. Vol. II. Pp. 15 322. 

 Price, $1.50 net. 

 Mr. Powell does not believe in a useless or 

 ornamental country life. He is a thorough 

 believer in the utility of country existence. 

 Beautiful as the land is to look upon, it is to him 

 more beautiful when it is put to some goodly 

 purpose which requires the care and attention 

 of the landowner, and which excites and com- 

 mands his interest. And he is quite right in 

 this contention, particularly with the city folk 

 v-ho retire to the country for rest or who are 

 forced thither because of the exceeding alti- 

 tude of city rents and values. 



The average city man is very apt to view the 

 country with dismay when it is suggested to 

 him as a place of residence or when such a 

 retreat is forced upon him. What is there to 

 do there? Accustomed as he is to the horrid 



